Utilização de enzimas fúngicas para a liberação de carboidratos e descoloração do corante presente em resíduos de tecido denim
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O aumento da demanda global por produtos têxteis nos últimos anos tem tornado a indústria textil um setor de destaque na produção manufatureira. O aumento do poder de consumo da população aliado as mudanças rápidas da moda, contribui para o aceleramento da geração de resíduos têxteis que se acumulam no meio ambiente. O tecido denim representa uma das maiores frações desses resíduos, resultando em um montante de 2,16 milhões de toneladas anuais. Grande parte desses resíduos são descartados em aterros, tornando-se nocivos ao solo, a água e a atmosfera, principalmente pela presença de substâncias xenobióticas recalcitrantes, como os corantes sintéticos. Porcentagens mínimas de resíduos têxteis são recicladas ou reutilizadas. A reciclagem bioquímica de têxteis utilizando produtos de origem microbiológica é um método de recuperação de componentes valiosos presentes nesses resíduos. Essa rota de reciclagem tem sido considerada ambientalmente mais adequada em comparação com técnicas clássicas de gestão de resíduos, no entanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para aumentar a sua viabilidade técnica e econômica. Enzimas lignocelulolíticas têm potencial para degradar e transformar compostos poliméricos das fibras vegetais. Nos tratamentos de resíduos de origem vegetal, essas enzimas podem ser aplicadas para recuperar açúcares fermentescíveis que são convertidos em produtos de alto valor agregado. Índigo blue é o corante mais utilizado na pigmentação do denim. Na natureza, esse corante se torna recalcitrante ou modificado em aminas altamente tóxicas. As enzimas lacases são capazes de oxidar compostos hidróxifenólicos, sendo bastante utilizadas em processos biotecnológicos para a oxidação da porção fenólica da lignina. Na presença de mediadores redox, as lacases têm a sua ação expandida para diversos outros substratos, incluindo compostos não fenólicos. Em vista disso, muitos estudos têm explorado lacases fúngicas associadas as moléculas mediadoras para a descoloração de corantes derivados da indústria têxtil. Em contato com o denim, as celulases liberam carboidratos presentes nas fibras de algodão, entretanto, essas enzimas são capazes de acelerar a abrasão do corante, sendo esses liberados no meio ambiente. Esse fato mostra que reciclagem bioquímica do denim deve envolver não somente a hidrólise das fibras, mas também a descoloração do corante. A produção de enzimas lignocelulolíticas por fungos endofíticos está diretamente relacionado a sua capacidade de colonizar os hospedeiros durantes fases específicas da infecção. Fungos endofíticos produzem enzimas que são frequentemente mais estáveis em relação a outras fontes. Determinadas espécies do gênero Colletotrichum com diferentes estilos de vida já foram identificadas como lacase positivas, porém faltam estudos que explorem o potencial biotecnológico dessas enzimas. Diante disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver estratégias integradas de valoração da matéria celulolítica do denim, além de avaliar o potencial de espécies de Colletotrichum em expressar as enzimas de interesse. Palavras-chave: Resíduos têxteis. Denim. Enzimas fúngicas. Endofíticos. Colletotrichum. Recuperação de glicose. Descoloração.
The increase in global demand for textile products in recent years has made the textile industry a prominent sector in manufacturing production. The increase in the population's purchasing power combined with the rapid changes in fashion, contributes to the accelerated generation of textile waste that accumulates in the environment. Denim fabric represents one of the largest fractions of this waste, resulting in an amount of 2.16 million tons annually. Much of this waste is disposed of in landfills, becoming harmful to soil, water and atmosphere, mainly due to the presence of recalcitrant xenobiotic substances, such as synthetic dyes. Minimal percentages of textile waste are recycled or reused. Biochemical recycling of textiles using products of microbiological origin is one method of recovering valuable components present in this waste. This recycling route has been considered environmentally more suitable compared to classical waste management techniques, however, more research is needed to increase its technical and economic feasibility. Lignocellulolytic enzymes have the potential to degrade and transform polymeric compounds from plant fibers. In plant-based waste treatments, these enzymes can be applied to recover fermentable sugars that are converted into high value-added products. Indigo blue is the most widely used dye in denim pigmentation. In nature, it becomes recalcitrant or modified into highly toxic amines. The enzyme laccase is able to oxidize hydroxyphenolic compounds, being widely used in biotechnological processes for the oxidation of the phenolic portion of lignin. In the presence of redox mediators, laccases have their action potential expanded to several other substrates, including non- phenolic compounds. In view of this, many studies have explored fungal lacases associated with mediator molecules for the decolorization of dyes derived from the textile industry. In contact with denim, the cellulases release carbohydrates present in the cotton fibers, however, these enzymes are able to accelerate the abrasion of the dye, and these are released into the environment. This fact shows that biochemical recycling of denim must involve not only the hydrolysis of the fibers, but also the decolorization of the dye. The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by endophytic fungi is directly related to their ability to colonize the hosts during specific phases of infection. Endophytic fungi produce enzymes that are often more stable relative to other sources. Certain species of the genus Colletotrichum with different lifestyles have already been identified as laccase positive, but studies exploring the biotechnological potential of these enzymes are lacking. In view of this, this work aims to develop integrated strategies to valorize cellulolytic matter from denim, and to evaluate the potential of Colletotrichum species to express the enzymes interesting for this study. Keywords: Textile waste. Denim. Fungal enzymes. Endophytes. Colletotrichum. Glucose recovery. Decolorization.
The increase in global demand for textile products in recent years has made the textile industry a prominent sector in manufacturing production. The increase in the population's purchasing power combined with the rapid changes in fashion, contributes to the accelerated generation of textile waste that accumulates in the environment. Denim fabric represents one of the largest fractions of this waste, resulting in an amount of 2.16 million tons annually. Much of this waste is disposed of in landfills, becoming harmful to soil, water and atmosphere, mainly due to the presence of recalcitrant xenobiotic substances, such as synthetic dyes. Minimal percentages of textile waste are recycled or reused. Biochemical recycling of textiles using products of microbiological origin is one method of recovering valuable components present in this waste. This recycling route has been considered environmentally more suitable compared to classical waste management techniques, however, more research is needed to increase its technical and economic feasibility. Lignocellulolytic enzymes have the potential to degrade and transform polymeric compounds from plant fibers. In plant-based waste treatments, these enzymes can be applied to recover fermentable sugars that are converted into high value-added products. Indigo blue is the most widely used dye in denim pigmentation. In nature, it becomes recalcitrant or modified into highly toxic amines. The enzyme laccase is able to oxidize hydroxyphenolic compounds, being widely used in biotechnological processes for the oxidation of the phenolic portion of lignin. In the presence of redox mediators, laccases have their action potential expanded to several other substrates, including non- phenolic compounds. In view of this, many studies have explored fungal lacases associated with mediator molecules for the decolorization of dyes derived from the textile industry. In contact with denim, the cellulases release carbohydrates present in the cotton fibers, however, these enzymes are able to accelerate the abrasion of the dye, and these are released into the environment. This fact shows that biochemical recycling of denim must involve not only the hydrolysis of the fibers, but also the decolorization of the dye. The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by endophytic fungi is directly related to their ability to colonize the hosts during specific phases of infection. Endophytic fungi produce enzymes that are often more stable relative to other sources. Certain species of the genus Colletotrichum with different lifestyles have already been identified as laccase positive, but studies exploring the biotechnological potential of these enzymes are lacking. In view of this, this work aims to develop integrated strategies to valorize cellulolytic matter from denim, and to evaluate the potential of Colletotrichum species to express the enzymes interesting for this study. Keywords: Textile waste. Denim. Fungal enzymes. Endophytes. Colletotrichum. Glucose recovery. Decolorization.
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MAIA, Lucas Moreira. Utilização de enzimas fúngicas para a liberação de carboidratos e descoloração do corante presente em resíduos de tecido denim. 2022. 58 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
