Efeitos sub-letais de Bacillus thuringiensis variedade kurstaki sobre Palmistichus elaeisis e Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Os endoparasitoides Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare e LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) e Tetrastichus howardi Olliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) são utilizados no controle de lepidópteros desfolhadores. Inseticidas podem reduzir a manutenção de inimigos naturais em campo, mas produtos biológicos, como o Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt), representam uma alternativa ecológica para o manejo de insetos-praga e interações Bt-inimigos naturais devem ser estudadas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos colaterais causados pelo Bt na geração parental (F 1 ) e prole (F 2 ) de P. elaeisis e T. howardi parasitando Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) suscetível e resistente. A toxicidade do Bt foi avaliada em lagartas suscetíveis de terceiro instar de S. frugiperda. Essas lagartas foram expostas a concentrações letais (CL 50 e CL 90 ) do Bt e parasitadas por P. elaeisis e T. howardi. A longevidade, produção de imaturos, resposta comportamental e desempenho reprodutivo de P. elaeisis e T. howardi foram mensuradas. O Bt reduziu a produção de imaturos e exibiu atividade repelente sobre P. elaeisis e T. howardi. A sobrevivência desses parasitoides, parasitando lagartas que ingeriram o Bt foi menor nas F 1 e F 2 para ambos os sexos. O desempenho reprodutivo de P. elaesis e T. howardi foi menor tanto em pupas suscetíveis quanto resistentes (expostas ao Bt) de S. frugiperda. O bioinseticida reduz o comportamento de busca e parâmetros reprodutivos de P. elaeisis e T. howardi emergidos de pupas de S. frugiperda suscetíveis e resistentes ao Bt sugerindo uma baixa compatibilidade entre Bt e o parasitoide.
The endoparasitoids, Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Tetrastichus howardi Olliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are used to control of lepidopteran defoliating. Insecticides may reduce the maintenance of natural enemies in the field, but biological agents such as Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) represents an ecological alternative for pest management, and Bt-natural enemy interactions should be studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sublethal effects caused by Bt on the parental (F 1 ) and offspring (F 2 ) of P. elaeisis and T. howardi parasitizing susceptible and resistant Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bt toxicity was evaluated in the third instar larvae susceptible of S. frugiperda. These larvae were exposed to lethal concentrations (LC 50 and LC 90 ) of Bt and parasitized by P. elaeisis and T. howardi. Longevity, immature production, behavioral response, and reproductive performance of P. elaeisis and T. howardi were measured. Bt reduced immature production and exhibited repellent activity on P. elaeisis and T. howardi. The survival of these parasitoids, parasitizing pupa that ingested Bt was lower in F 1 and F 2 for both sexes. The reproductive performance of P. elaesis and T. howardi was lower in both susceptible and resistant (exposed to Bt) pupae of S. frugiperda. Bacillus thuringiensis reduces the search behavior and reproductive parameters of P. elaeisis and T. howardi emerged from susceptible and Bt-resistant S. frugiperda pupae, suggesting a low compatibility between Bt and these parasitoids.
The endoparasitoids, Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Tetrastichus howardi Olliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are used to control of lepidopteran defoliating. Insecticides may reduce the maintenance of natural enemies in the field, but biological agents such as Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) represents an ecological alternative for pest management, and Bt-natural enemy interactions should be studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sublethal effects caused by Bt on the parental (F 1 ) and offspring (F 2 ) of P. elaeisis and T. howardi parasitizing susceptible and resistant Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bt toxicity was evaluated in the third instar larvae susceptible of S. frugiperda. These larvae were exposed to lethal concentrations (LC 50 and LC 90 ) of Bt and parasitized by P. elaeisis and T. howardi. Longevity, immature production, behavioral response, and reproductive performance of P. elaeisis and T. howardi were measured. Bt reduced immature production and exhibited repellent activity on P. elaeisis and T. howardi. The survival of these parasitoids, parasitizing pupa that ingested Bt was lower in F 1 and F 2 for both sexes. The reproductive performance of P. elaesis and T. howardi was lower in both susceptible and resistant (exposed to Bt) pupae of S. frugiperda. Bacillus thuringiensis reduces the search behavior and reproductive parameters of P. elaeisis and T. howardi emerged from susceptible and Bt-resistant S. frugiperda pupae, suggesting a low compatibility between Bt and these parasitoids.
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ROLIM, Gabriela da Silva. Efeitos sub-letais de Bacillus thuringiensis variedade kurstaki sobre Palmistichus elaeisis e Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). 2019. 44 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.
