Efeitos da ordem de parto materna e do sexo sobre a imunidade, o estresse, o desempenho e o metabolismo de bezerros de corte
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A ordem de parto da vaca tem sido apontada como um fator importante que influencia o desempenho dos bezerros durante a fase de pré-desmame. Além disso, o período neonatal é caracterizado por múltiplos estressores que afetam o par bezerro-vaca. No entanto, ainda são limitadas as informações sobre como essas respostas podem variar conforme a ordem de parto materna e se o sexo do bezerro exerce influência adicional sobre o desempenho nessa fase crucial. Os objetivos desses três estudos foram: Avaliar a acurácia diagnóstica de métodos indiretos de avaliação da transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros neonatos; avaliar se a ordem de parto materna e o sexo do bezerro influenciam a resposta ao estresse no período neonatal e avaliar o desempenho e metabolismo de desses bezerros durante a fase pré- desmame. Foram utilizados 32 bezerros Red Angus x Nelore, provindos de 32 vacas Nelore, sendo 17 pluríparas (dez machos e sete fêmeas) e 15 primíparas (sete machos e oito fêmeas). Esses animais foram alocados em oito piquetes em que, cada piquete haviam pares vaca- bezerro de cada grupo de ordem de parto. Como principais resultados do primeiro estudo, a concentração de globulinas apresentou o melhor desempenho para avaliar a transferência de imunidade passiva (Se = 77,1%; Sp = 88,6% a 3,15 g/dL). Para o refratômetro óptico, a combinação ótima de Se e Sp foi de 8,4% brix (Se = 76,6% e Sp = 77,1%). O refratômetro óptico e as globulinas apresentaram boa acurácia diagnóstica. No segundo estudo, ao avaliar a imunidade de bezerros de corte, os níveis séricos de IgG apresentaram maior concentração no dia do nascimento e diminuíram de acordo com o avanço da idade (p<0,001. Em relação aos biomarcadores de estresse, observou-se que os níveis séricos de albumina aumentaram com o avançar da idade dos animais até os 14 dias de idade (p<0,001). As concentrações de glicose foram influenciadas pela idade dos bezerros com concentração máxima aos sete dias e diminuíram, estabilizando-se aos 14 dias (p<0,001). As concentrações de haptoglobina plasmáticas foram influenciadas pela ordem de parto materna (p<0,001), em que bezerros de primíparas apresentaram maiores concentrações que os bezerros de pluríparas, contudo, não foram influenciadas pelo sexo do bezerro, dias de vida e suas interações (p >0,05). As concentrações de ceruloplasmina apresentaram interação de sexo com a idade, sendo maiores as concentrações dessa proteína em bezerros machos no dia 14 (p<0,05), e foram afetadas pela idade dos bezerros (p<0,001) e aumentaram do dia do parto até os 14 dias. Os principais resultados do terceiro estudo indicaram que bezerros de pluríparas apresentaram maior peso corporal ao longo do estudo em relação aos bezerros de primíparas (p<0,02). Houve efeito do sexo no ganho médio diário (GMD), sendo que bezerros machos apresentaram maior GMD (p<0,001). As concentrações de IGF-1 não foram influenciadas pela ordem de parto materna (P>0,05), porém houve interação entre sexo e dia (p<0,05), em que bezerros machos apresentaram maiores concentrações aos 140 e 203 dias. Não foi observado efeito da ordem de parto materna, do sexo do bezerro e a interação entre eles sobre as concentrações de proteínas totais, globulinas e albumina (p>0,05). As concentrações de colesterol total foram maiores para bezerras fêmeas em relação aos bezerros machos (p<0,05). As concentrações de HDL foram influenciadas pelo sexo dos bezerros (p<0,01), em que bezerras fêmeas tiveram maiores níveis em relação aos bezerros machos. As concentrações de LDL não foram influenciadas pela ordem de parto materna e sexo do bezerro (p>0,05), porém foi encontrado interação ordem de parto materna*dia (p<0,001), em que essas concentrações foram maiores para bezerros filhos de pluríparas aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de idade. A ordem de parto materna, o sexo e a interação entre eles não influenciaram as concentrações de VLDL e triglicerídeos (p>0,05). Houve efeito de ordem de parto materna e idade nas atividades das enzimas AST e ALT (p<0,05), sendo que bezerros filhos de primíparas apresentaram maior atividade do que os bezerros de pluríparas. Foi observado interação entre ordem de parto materna e idade (p<0,05), nas concentrações de creatinina, com maiores concentrações em bezerros de pluríparas aos 203 dias de idade. Concluímos que, do ponto de vista prático, o refratômetro Brix óptico é a ferramenta mais recomendada devido à sua relação custo-benefício para uso em fazendas. Observamos que bezerros de corte apresentam respostas diferenciadas ao estresse durante o período neonatal, influenciadas pela ordem de parto materna e sexo. Além disso, no período pré- desmame, essas diferenças impactam tanto o desempenho quanto as características metabólicas dos animais, destacando a importância de considerar ambos os fatores no manejo de bezerros de corte. Palavras-chave: cortisol; fêmea; ganho de peso; haptoglobina; imunoglobulinas g; macho; metabólitos; pluríparas; primíparas.
The cow’s parity order has been identified as an important factor influencing calf performance during the pre-weaning phase. Furthermore, the neonatal period is characterized by multiple stressors that affect the cow-calf pair. However, there is still limited information on how these responses may vary according to maternal parity and whether calf sex exerts additional influence on performance during this critical phase.The objectives of these three studies were: to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of indirect methods for assessing the transfer of passive immunity in neonatal calves; to determine whether maternal parity and calf sex influence the stress response during the neonatal period; and to evaluate the performance and metabolism of these calves during the pre-weaning phase. A total of 32 Red Angus x Nelore calves from 32 Nelore cows were used, including 17 multiparous cows (10 male and 7 female calves) and 15 primiparous cows (7 male and 8 female calves). These animals were allocated to eight paddocks, each containing cow-calf pairs from both parity groups. The main results of the first study indicated that the concentration of globulins showed the best performance in assessing passive immunity transfer (Se = 77.1%; Sp = 88.6% at 3.15 g/dL). For the optical refractometer, the optimal combination of Se and Sp was 8.4% Brix (Se = 76.6% and Sp = 77.1%). Both the optical refractometer and globulins demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy. In the second study, when assessing calf immunity, serum IgG levels were highest at birth and decreased with age (p<0.001). Regarding stress biomarkers, serum albumin levels increased with age until 14 days old (p<0.001). Glucose concentrations peaked at seven days and then stabilized at 14 days (p<0.001). Plasma haptoglobin concentrations were influenced by maternal parity (p<0.001), with calves from primiparous cows showing higher levels than those from multiparous cows. However, these concentrations were not affected by calf sex, age, or their interactions (p>0.05). Ceruloplasmin concentrations showed an interaction between sex and age, with higher levels in male calves on day 14 (p<0.05). Ceruloplasmin levels increased from birth to 14 days (p<0.001). The main results of the third study indicated that calves from multiparous cows had higher body weights throughout the study compared to those from primiparous cows (p<0.02). There was a sex effect on average daily gain (ADG), with male calves achieving higher ADG (p<0.001). IGF-1 concentrations were not influenced by maternal parity (p>0.05), but an interaction between sex and age was observed (p<0.05), with male calves showing higher levels at 140 and 203 days. Maternal parity, calf sex, and their interactions did not affect total protein, globulin, and albumin concentrations (p>0.05). Total cholesterol levels were higher in female calves than in males (p<0.05). HDL concentrations were influenced by calf sex (p<0.01), with female calves having higher levels than males. LDL concentrations were not influenced by maternal parity or calf sex (p>0.05), but an interaction between maternal parity and age was observed (p<0.001), with higher levels in calves from multiparous cows at 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Maternal parity, sex, and their interactions did not affect VLDL and triglyceride concentrations (p>0.05). Maternal parity and age affected AST and ALT enzyme activities (p<0.05), with calves from primiparous cows showing higher activity than those from multiparous cows. An interaction between maternal parity and age was observed for creatinine concentrations (p<0.05), with higher levels in calves from multiparous cows at 203 days. From a practical perspective, the optical Brix refractometer is the recommended tool due to its cost-effectiveness for on-farm use. Beef calves showed differentiated stress responses during the neonatal period, influenced by maternal parity and calf sex. Additionally, these differences significantly impacted performance and metabolic characteristics during the pre-weaning phase, emphasizing the importance of considering both factors in beef calf management strategies. Keywords: cortisol; female; weight gain; haptoglobin; immunoglobulin g; male; metabolites; multiparous; primiparous.
The cow’s parity order has been identified as an important factor influencing calf performance during the pre-weaning phase. Furthermore, the neonatal period is characterized by multiple stressors that affect the cow-calf pair. However, there is still limited information on how these responses may vary according to maternal parity and whether calf sex exerts additional influence on performance during this critical phase.The objectives of these three studies were: to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of indirect methods for assessing the transfer of passive immunity in neonatal calves; to determine whether maternal parity and calf sex influence the stress response during the neonatal period; and to evaluate the performance and metabolism of these calves during the pre-weaning phase. A total of 32 Red Angus x Nelore calves from 32 Nelore cows were used, including 17 multiparous cows (10 male and 7 female calves) and 15 primiparous cows (7 male and 8 female calves). These animals were allocated to eight paddocks, each containing cow-calf pairs from both parity groups. The main results of the first study indicated that the concentration of globulins showed the best performance in assessing passive immunity transfer (Se = 77.1%; Sp = 88.6% at 3.15 g/dL). For the optical refractometer, the optimal combination of Se and Sp was 8.4% Brix (Se = 76.6% and Sp = 77.1%). Both the optical refractometer and globulins demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy. In the second study, when assessing calf immunity, serum IgG levels were highest at birth and decreased with age (p<0.001). Regarding stress biomarkers, serum albumin levels increased with age until 14 days old (p<0.001). Glucose concentrations peaked at seven days and then stabilized at 14 days (p<0.001). Plasma haptoglobin concentrations were influenced by maternal parity (p<0.001), with calves from primiparous cows showing higher levels than those from multiparous cows. However, these concentrations were not affected by calf sex, age, or their interactions (p>0.05). Ceruloplasmin concentrations showed an interaction between sex and age, with higher levels in male calves on day 14 (p<0.05). Ceruloplasmin levels increased from birth to 14 days (p<0.001). The main results of the third study indicated that calves from multiparous cows had higher body weights throughout the study compared to those from primiparous cows (p<0.02). There was a sex effect on average daily gain (ADG), with male calves achieving higher ADG (p<0.001). IGF-1 concentrations were not influenced by maternal parity (p>0.05), but an interaction between sex and age was observed (p<0.05), with male calves showing higher levels at 140 and 203 days. Maternal parity, calf sex, and their interactions did not affect total protein, globulin, and albumin concentrations (p>0.05). Total cholesterol levels were higher in female calves than in males (p<0.05). HDL concentrations were influenced by calf sex (p<0.01), with female calves having higher levels than males. LDL concentrations were not influenced by maternal parity or calf sex (p>0.05), but an interaction between maternal parity and age was observed (p<0.001), with higher levels in calves from multiparous cows at 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Maternal parity, sex, and their interactions did not affect VLDL and triglyceride concentrations (p>0.05). Maternal parity and age affected AST and ALT enzyme activities (p<0.05), with calves from primiparous cows showing higher activity than those from multiparous cows. An interaction between maternal parity and age was observed for creatinine concentrations (p<0.05), with higher levels in calves from multiparous cows at 203 days. From a practical perspective, the optical Brix refractometer is the recommended tool due to its cost-effectiveness for on-farm use. Beef calves showed differentiated stress responses during the neonatal period, influenced by maternal parity and calf sex. Additionally, these differences significantly impacted performance and metabolic characteristics during the pre-weaning phase, emphasizing the importance of considering both factors in beef calf management strategies. Keywords: cortisol; female; weight gain; haptoglobin; immunoglobulin g; male; metabolites; multiparous; primiparous.
Description
Citation
MARCOS, Naiara Aparecida. Efeitos da ordem de parto materna e do sexo sobre a imunidade, o estresse, o desempenho e o metabolismo de bezerros de corte. 2024. 87 f. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
