Potencial anti-tumoral de óxidos de terras raras: citotoxicidade e migração celular
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O câncer é um grupo de doenças caracterizadas pelo crescimento desordenado de células com potencial de invasão e metástase. Estima-se que, globalmente, o número de novos casos de câncer em 2050 aumentará 77% em relação aos 20 milhões estimados em 2022, com crescimento mais acentuado nos países de baixo e médio Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Diante disso, é fundamental que tratamentos mais eficazes sejam desenvolvidos. Entre os fatores que podem diminuir a eficácia quimioterápica estão a resistência a múltiplas drogas (MDR), presente em cerca de 90% dos pacientes, a baixa seletividade e a ineficiente biodistribuição. Tendo isso em vista, este trabalho avaliou a atividade citotóxica de óxidos de terras raras - óxido de itérbio (Yb2O3), óxido de neodímio (Nd2O3), óxido de érbio (Er2O3) e óxido de európio (Eu2O3) - por meio de ensaio de MTT em linhagens humanas tumorais e linhagens normais de macaco (BGM e Vero), foram determinados os percentuais de morte celular após 48 h de tratamento, as concentrações inibitórias de 50% das células (IC50) e os índices de seletividade (IS). Os óxidos testados induziram morte celular com valores de IS semelhantes aos de quimioterápicos já em uso, como doxorrubicina e cisplatina, IS ˜ 1. Destacam-se os resultados preliminares determinados para Nd2O3 na linhagem de câncer de mama , IS = 1,88, e para Yb2O3 em linhagens de câncer colorretal, SW480: IS = 1,11; HT-29: IS = 1,64. Já Er2O3 e Eu2O3 demonstraram maior seletividade para HT-29, IS de 1,52 e 1,66, respectivamente. Ademais, Yb2O3 e Nd2O3 demonstraram inibição expressiva da migração celular em SW480. Assim, os resultados indicam o potencial desses óxidos de terras raras para o desenvolvimento de formulações inéditas com maior seletividade e aplicabilidade terapêutica. Palavras-chave: câncer; terras raras; citotoxicidade
Cancer comprises a group of diseases characterized by disordered cell growth with the potential for invasion and metastasis. It is estimated that, globally, the number of new cancer cases will increase by 77% in 2050 compared with the 20 million projected for 2022, with the greatest rise occurring in countries of low and medium Human Development Index (HDI). In this context, the development of more effective treatments is essential. Factors that can diminish chemotherapeutic efficacy include multidrug resistance (MDR), present in approximately 90% of patients, low drug selectivity, and inefficient biodistribution. Accordingly, this study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of rare earth oxides - ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), erbium oxide (Er2O3) and europium oxide (Eu2O3) - using the MTT assay in human tumor cell lines and normal monkey cell lines (BGM and Vero). Cell death percentages after 48 h of treatment, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50), and selectivity indices (SI) were determined. All tested oxides induced cell death with SI values comparable to those of clinically used chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin and cisplatin (SI ˜ 1). Notably, preliminary results showed that Nd2O3 had a selectivity index of 1.88 in a human breast cancer cell line, while Yb2O3 showed SI values of 1.11 (SW480) and 1.64 (HT-29) in colorectal cancer lines. Er2O3 and Eu2O3 demonstrated greater selectivity in HT-29 cells, with SI values of 1.52 and 1.66, respectively. Moreover, Yb2O3 and Nd2O3 markedly inhibited migration of SW480 cells. Together, these findings highlight the potential of these rare earth oxides for the development of novel formulations with enhanced selectivity and therapeutic applicability. Keywords: cancer; rare earth; cytotoxicity
Cancer comprises a group of diseases characterized by disordered cell growth with the potential for invasion and metastasis. It is estimated that, globally, the number of new cancer cases will increase by 77% in 2050 compared with the 20 million projected for 2022, with the greatest rise occurring in countries of low and medium Human Development Index (HDI). In this context, the development of more effective treatments is essential. Factors that can diminish chemotherapeutic efficacy include multidrug resistance (MDR), present in approximately 90% of patients, low drug selectivity, and inefficient biodistribution. Accordingly, this study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of rare earth oxides - ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), erbium oxide (Er2O3) and europium oxide (Eu2O3) - using the MTT assay in human tumor cell lines and normal monkey cell lines (BGM and Vero). Cell death percentages after 48 h of treatment, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50), and selectivity indices (SI) were determined. All tested oxides induced cell death with SI values comparable to those of clinically used chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin and cisplatin (SI ˜ 1). Notably, preliminary results showed that Nd2O3 had a selectivity index of 1.88 in a human breast cancer cell line, while Yb2O3 showed SI values of 1.11 (SW480) and 1.64 (HT-29) in colorectal cancer lines. Er2O3 and Eu2O3 demonstrated greater selectivity in HT-29 cells, with SI values of 1.52 and 1.66, respectively. Moreover, Yb2O3 and Nd2O3 markedly inhibited migration of SW480 cells. Together, these findings highlight the potential of these rare earth oxides for the development of novel formulations with enhanced selectivity and therapeutic applicability. Keywords: cancer; rare earth; cytotoxicity
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CUNHA JÚNIOR, Arlindo Sérgio. Potencial anti-tumoral de óxidos de terras raras: citotoxicidade e migração celular. 2025. 63 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Celular e Estrutural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
