Efeito do farelo de sorgo BRS 305 na saciedade no eixo intestino-cérebro em camundongos obesos
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O sorgo integral tem sido associado a diversos benefícios metabólicos, frequentemente atribuídos à sua composição rica em fibra alimentar e compostos fenólicos, que se concentram no seu farelo (pericarpo). Diante do potencial do farelo de sorgo como ingrediente funcional, torna-se relevante investigar seu impacto sobre o controle do apetite e morfologia intestinal no contexto da obesidade. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do consumo de farelo de sorgo BRS 305 sobre marcadores relacionados ao eixo intestino-cérebro em camundongos obesos, com ênfase nas vias de saciedade. O delineamento experimental foi composto por duas etapas: indução da obesidade e intervenção. Na fase de indução (8 semanas), 8 animais receberam dieta padrão (AIN), enquanto 16 animais receberam dieta hiperlipídica (HFD). Na fase de intervenção (8 semanas), o grupo AIN foi mantido, e o HFD subdividido em HFD e HFD+FS (n=8/grupo). O farelo de sorgo foi incorporado à dieta do grupo HFD+FS de modo a substituir integralmente a recomendação de fibra alimentar para roedores. Dados de peso corporal e consumo alimentar foram monitorados semanalmente. No íleo, foram avaliadas a altura e a espessura das criptas e vilosidades, o número e a área das células caliciformes e a espessura das camadas musculares longitudinal e circular. Adicionalmente, foram analisadas a expressão de genes relacionados à saciedade (cérebro: LepR, MC4R; íleo: GLP-1 e PYY) por RT-qPCR. A concentração de leptina cerebral foi determinada por ELISA. Também foi realizada análise de docagem molecular para investigar o potencial de compostos fenólicos do farelo de sorgo em favorecer a interação entre leptina e seu receptor LepR. O grupo HFD+SB apresentou aumento da altura das vilosidades, da área das células caliciformes e do número de células caliciformes por vilosidade em relação ao grupo HFD. Além disso, o grupo HFD+SB apresentou maior expressão dos genes GLP-1, PYY, MC4R e LepR em comparação ao grupo HFD, sem alterações nas concentrações de leptina cerebral. Esses achados podem ter contribuído para redução do consumo alimentar e do peso corporal final observados no grupo HFD+SB comparado ao grupo HFD. As análises de docagem molecular indicaram a apigeninidina, luteolinidina e ácido sinápico, presentes no farelo de sorgo BRS 305, podem favorecer a interação entre a leptina e seu receptor, sustentando um possível mecanismo molecular associado à melhora da sinalização anorexígena. Em conjunto, os resultados demonstraram que farelo de sorgo BRS 305 estimulou as vias de saciedade associadas ao eixo íleo-cérebro em camundongos obesos induzidos por dieta hiperlipídica, reforçando seu potencial como ingrediente alimentar funcional no manejo da obesidade. Palavras-chave: Dieta high-fat; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; obesidade; luteolinidina; apigeninidina; MC4R.
Whole sorghum has been associated with several metabolic benefits, often attributed to its high content of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, which are concentrated in the bran (pericarp). Given the potential of sorghum bran as a functional ingredient, it is relevant to investigate its effects on appetite regulation and intestinal morphology in the context of obesity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of BRS 305 sorghum bran consumption on markers related to the gut–brain axis in obese mice, with an emphasis on satiety pathways. The experimental design consisted of two phases: obesity induction and intervention. During the induction phase (8 weeks), 8 animals received a standard diet (AIN), while 16 animals were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In the intervention phase (8 weeks), the AIN group was maintained, and the HFD group was subdivided into HFD and HFD+SB (n=8/group). Sorghum bran was incorporated into the HFD+SB diet to fully replace the recommended dietary fiber intake for rodents. Body weight and food intake were monitored weekly. In the ileum, villus height and crypt depth, goblet cell number and area, and the thickness of the longitudinal and circular muscle layers were evaluated. Additionally, the expression of satiety-related genes (brain: LepR, MC4R; ileum: GLP-1 and PYY) was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Brain leptin concentration was determined by ELISA. Molecular docking analysis was also performed to investigate the potential of sorghum bran phenolic compounds to enhance the interaction between leptin and its receptor (LepR). Compared to the HFD group, the HFD+SB group showed increased villus height, goblet cell area, and goblet cell number per villus. Moreover, the HFD+SB group exhibited higher expression of GLP-1, PYY, MC4R, and LepR genes compared to the HFD group, with no changes observed in brain leptin concentrations. These findings may have contributed to the reduced food intake and lower final body weight observed in the HFD+SB group relative to the HFD group. Molecular docking analyses indicated that apigeninidin, luteolinidin, and sinapic acid, present in BRS 305 sorghum bran, may enhance the interaction between leptin and its receptor, supporting a potential molecular mechanism associated with improved anorexigenic signaling. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BRS 305 sorghum bran stimulates satiety pathways associated with the ileum-brain axis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, reinforcing its potential as a functional food ingredient in obesity management. Keywords: High-fat diet; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; obesity; luteolinidin; apigeninidin; MC4R
Whole sorghum has been associated with several metabolic benefits, often attributed to its high content of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, which are concentrated in the bran (pericarp). Given the potential of sorghum bran as a functional ingredient, it is relevant to investigate its effects on appetite regulation and intestinal morphology in the context of obesity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of BRS 305 sorghum bran consumption on markers related to the gut–brain axis in obese mice, with an emphasis on satiety pathways. The experimental design consisted of two phases: obesity induction and intervention. During the induction phase (8 weeks), 8 animals received a standard diet (AIN), while 16 animals were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In the intervention phase (8 weeks), the AIN group was maintained, and the HFD group was subdivided into HFD and HFD+SB (n=8/group). Sorghum bran was incorporated into the HFD+SB diet to fully replace the recommended dietary fiber intake for rodents. Body weight and food intake were monitored weekly. In the ileum, villus height and crypt depth, goblet cell number and area, and the thickness of the longitudinal and circular muscle layers were evaluated. Additionally, the expression of satiety-related genes (brain: LepR, MC4R; ileum: GLP-1 and PYY) was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Brain leptin concentration was determined by ELISA. Molecular docking analysis was also performed to investigate the potential of sorghum bran phenolic compounds to enhance the interaction between leptin and its receptor (LepR). Compared to the HFD group, the HFD+SB group showed increased villus height, goblet cell area, and goblet cell number per villus. Moreover, the HFD+SB group exhibited higher expression of GLP-1, PYY, MC4R, and LepR genes compared to the HFD group, with no changes observed in brain leptin concentrations. These findings may have contributed to the reduced food intake and lower final body weight observed in the HFD+SB group relative to the HFD group. Molecular docking analyses indicated that apigeninidin, luteolinidin, and sinapic acid, present in BRS 305 sorghum bran, may enhance the interaction between leptin and its receptor, supporting a potential molecular mechanism associated with improved anorexigenic signaling. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BRS 305 sorghum bran stimulates satiety pathways associated with the ileum-brain axis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, reinforcing its potential as a functional food ingredient in obesity management. Keywords: High-fat diet; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; obesity; luteolinidin; apigeninidin; MC4R
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Citation
PIERMATEI, Álvaro Luiz Miranda. Efeito do farelo de sorgo BRS 305 na saciedade no eixo intestino-cérebro em camundongos obesos. 2026. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
