Otimização de recursos forrageiros com silagens de dieta total
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Data
2021-07-30
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A silagem de dieta total (total mixed ration - TMR) é o resultado da mistura prévia e ensilagem de todos os ingredientes que compõem a dieta animal, como suplementos, volumosos e concentrados. Foram realizados dois experimentos na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, com objetivo de avaliar as características fermentativas, dinâmica de perdas por gases e efluentes, perda de materia seca, recuperação de matéria seca e o valor nutritivo da silagem de dieta total (DT) com uso de suplementos mineral, energético e proteico, feijão guandu, cana de açúcar, capim elefante e milho. As proporções dos ingredientes variaram de acordo com a exigência nutricional de vacas que produzem 15 L (Capítulo 1) e 25 L (Capítulo 2) de leite por dia, e a disponibilidade de cada forragem ao longo do ano. O objetivo foi determinar qual(is) dieta(s) proporcionou(naram) silagem de boa qualidade, com menor perda nutritiva e atendendo a exigência nutricional de cada categoria. O Delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições por tratamento. Foram realizadas as análises de matéria seca (MS), matéria mineral (MM), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e proteínas (FDNcp), fibra em detergente ácido corrigido para cinzas e proteínas (FDAcp), proteína bruta (PB), lignina (LIG), digestibilidade da matéria seca in vitro (DIVMS), digestibilidade da in vitro FDN (DIVFDN), fracionamento de carboidratos, pH, N-NH3, perdas por gases, efluentes e perda de matéria seca. No primeiro estudo, houve diferença (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos em todos os parâmetros avaliados, exceto N-NH3. As silagens de dietas totais 3 e 5 apresentaram melhores parâmetros fermentativos, composição bromatológica e menores perdas durante o processo de ensilagem. No segundo estudo, também houve diferença (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos em todos os parâmetros avaliados, mas a exceção foi o teor de FDNcp. As SDT2 e SDT4, produzidas com feijão guandu, apresentaram melhores parâmetros fermentativos, composição bromatológica e menores perdas durante o processo de ensilagem. Destas silagens citadas, somente SDT4 é capaz de atender a exigência nutricional de vacas em lactação, produzindo até 25 L.d-1 de leite sem necessidade de suplementação protéica. Palavras-chave: conservação de forragem, dieta total, silagem de dieta total.
Total mixed ration silage (TMR silage) is the result of prior mixing and silage of all the ingredients that make up the animal diet, such as supplements, forages and concentrates. Two experiments were carried out at the Federal University of Viçosa, with the objective of evaluating the fermentative characteristics, dynamics of losses by gases and effluents, loss of dry matter, dry matter recovery and the nutritive value of total diet silage (DT) using mineral, energy and protein supplements, pigeon pea, sugar cane, elephant grass and corn. The proportions of ingredients varied according to the nutritional requirement of cows that meet 15 L (Chapter 1) and 25 L (Chapter 2) of milk per day, and the availability of each forage throughout the year. The objective was to determine which diet(s) provided good quality silage, with less nutritional loss and meeting the nutritional requirements of each category. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized with repetitions per treatment. Analyzes were performed for dry matter (DM), ash (MM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and proteins (NDFap), acid detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (ADFap), protein crude (CP), lignin (LIG), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVDNDF), carbohydrate fractionation, pH, NH3-N, gas, effluents and dry matter losses. In the first study, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between treatments in all criteria parameters, except N-NH3. TMR silages 3 and 5 had better fermentative parameters, chemical composition and lower losses during the ensiling process. In the second study, there was also difference (P < 0.05) between treatments in all defined parameters, but the exception was the NDFap content. The TMR silages 2 and 4, produced with pigeon pea, had better fermentation parameters, chemical composition and lower losses during the ensiling process. Only TMR silages 4 is able to meet the nutritional requirement of lactating cows, producing up to 25 L.d-1 of milk without the need for protein supplementation. Keywords: forage conservation, total mixed ration silage, total ration.
Total mixed ration silage (TMR silage) is the result of prior mixing and silage of all the ingredients that make up the animal diet, such as supplements, forages and concentrates. Two experiments were carried out at the Federal University of Viçosa, with the objective of evaluating the fermentative characteristics, dynamics of losses by gases and effluents, loss of dry matter, dry matter recovery and the nutritive value of total diet silage (DT) using mineral, energy and protein supplements, pigeon pea, sugar cane, elephant grass and corn. The proportions of ingredients varied according to the nutritional requirement of cows that meet 15 L (Chapter 1) and 25 L (Chapter 2) of milk per day, and the availability of each forage throughout the year. The objective was to determine which diet(s) provided good quality silage, with less nutritional loss and meeting the nutritional requirements of each category. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized with repetitions per treatment. Analyzes were performed for dry matter (DM), ash (MM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and proteins (NDFap), acid detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (ADFap), protein crude (CP), lignin (LIG), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVDNDF), carbohydrate fractionation, pH, NH3-N, gas, effluents and dry matter losses. In the first study, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between treatments in all criteria parameters, except N-NH3. TMR silages 3 and 5 had better fermentative parameters, chemical composition and lower losses during the ensiling process. In the second study, there was also difference (P < 0.05) between treatments in all defined parameters, but the exception was the NDFap content. The TMR silages 2 and 4, produced with pigeon pea, had better fermentation parameters, chemical composition and lower losses during the ensiling process. Only TMR silages 4 is able to meet the nutritional requirement of lactating cows, producing up to 25 L.d-1 of milk without the need for protein supplementation. Keywords: forage conservation, total mixed ration silage, total ration.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Dieta total, Conservação de forragem, Silagem
Citação
MELO, Bárbara Maria Gomes. Otimização de recursos forrageiros com silagens de dieta total. 2021. 67 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.