Multiplicação, diferenciação, alongamento in vitro e estabelecimento de mudas clonais de Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (arecaceae)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Elaeis guineensis Jacq., conhecida popularmente como Dendezeiro ou palma de óleo, é uma palmeira da família Arecaceae, considerada uma importante oleaginosa, com ampla utilização nos setores alimentício, de cosméticos e biocombustíveis. Para a perpetuação de materiais genéticos superiores e sua multiplicação em larga escala, o cultivo in vitro através da embriogênese somática é essencial. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral a otimização de protocolos de micropropagação de mudas clonais de diferentes materiais genéticos de E. guineensis. Sendo dividido em dois experimentos, (i): A influência de concentrações de auxinas (2,4-D e AIA) na multiplicação e regeneração de calos embriogênicos de Elaeis guineensis e, (ii): O efeito de concentrações de carvão ativado no alongamento e estabelecimento de mudas clonais de diferentes genótipos. Para o experimento (i), calos friáveis multiplicados in vitro foram inoculados em placas de Petri contendo 30 mL de meio de cultura Y3 modificado, acrescidos de 2,4-D (0, 9 e 18 μM) e AIA (0, 28,43 e 56,86 μM), respectivamente. Para a multiplicação de calos embriogênicos, a presença de 2,4-D é fundamental, enquanto sua ausência é necessária para formação de embriões somáticos. A utilização do meio de cultura convencional, de 9 μmol de 2,4- D + 28,43 μmol de AIA, possibilitou a obtenção de calos embriogênicos de maior qualidade, com aumento da sua proporção e baixa oxidação. A presença de 2,4-D, está diretamente associada à sinalização para a divisão celular, porém sua retirada potencializa a diferenciação em embriões somáticos. No experimento (ii), foram avaliados o desempenho de 4 genótipos em função de cinco (5) concentrações de carvão ativado (0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 g.L -1 ) adicionadas ao meio de cultura C4, durante o alongamento in vitro de mudas clonais de E. guineensis. É possível a obtenção de mudas clonais viáveis de todos os materiais genéticos avaliados, porém é necessário maior ajuste para materiais pouco responsivos. Genótipos aparentados apresentaram desenvolvimento superior ao longo do estudo, sugere-se um efeito da genética dos parentais. A ausência do carvão ativado permite melhores respostas para o estabelecimento de mudas clonais de E. guineensis. Todavia a análise estatística de regressão polinomial demostrou que o uso de 2,8 g. L - 1 de carvão ativado permite a otimização de embriogênese somática secundária, resultando em maior número de plantas nesta condição. Palavras-chave: auxinas ; carvão ativado ; Palma de óleo ; genética ; regeneração in vitro
Elaeis guineensis Jacq., commonly known as African oil palm, is a member of the Arecaceae family and is considered one of the most important oil-bearing crops, with wide applications in the food, cosmetic, and biofuel industries. For the perpetuation of superior genetic materials and their large-scale multiplication, in vitro culture through somatic embryogenesis is essential. The present study aimed to optimize micropropagation protocols for clonal plantlets of different E. guineensis genotypes. The research was divided into two experiments: (i) the influence of auxin concentrations (2,4-D and IAA) on the multiplication and regeneration of embryogenic calli of E. guineensis, and (ii) the effect of different concentrations of activated charcoal on the elongation and establishment of clonal plantlets of four genotypes. In experiment (i), friable calli multiplied in vitro were inoculated in Petri dishes containing 30 mL of modified Y3 medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0, 9, and 18 μM) and IAA (0, 28.43, and 56.86 μM), respectively. For the multiplication of embryogenic calli, the presence of 2,4-D was found to be essential, whereas its absence was required for somatic embryo formation. The use of the conventional medium containing 9 μM 2,4- D + 28.43 μM IAA enabled the production of higher-quality embryogenic calli, with increased proportion and reduced oxidation. The presence of 2,4-D was directly associated with cell division signaling, whereas its removal enhanced differentiation into somatic embryos. In experiment (ii), the performance of four genotypes was evaluated under five concentrations of activated charcoal (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 g L - 1) added to C4 medium during in vitro elongation of clonal plantlets of E. guineensis. Viable clonal plantlets were obtained for all tested genotypes, although further adjustments are required for less responsive materials. Related genotypes showed superior development throughout the study, suggesting an effect of parental genetics. The absence of activated charcoal favored better responses for the establishment of clonal plantlets of E. guineensis. However, polynomial regression analysis demonstrated that the use of 2.8 g L - 1 of activated charcoal optimized secondary somatic embryogenesis, resulting in a greater number of plants under this condition. Keywords: auxins ; activated charcoal; Oil palm; genetics; in vitro regeneration
Elaeis guineensis Jacq., commonly known as African oil palm, is a member of the Arecaceae family and is considered one of the most important oil-bearing crops, with wide applications in the food, cosmetic, and biofuel industries. For the perpetuation of superior genetic materials and their large-scale multiplication, in vitro culture through somatic embryogenesis is essential. The present study aimed to optimize micropropagation protocols for clonal plantlets of different E. guineensis genotypes. The research was divided into two experiments: (i) the influence of auxin concentrations (2,4-D and IAA) on the multiplication and regeneration of embryogenic calli of E. guineensis, and (ii) the effect of different concentrations of activated charcoal on the elongation and establishment of clonal plantlets of four genotypes. In experiment (i), friable calli multiplied in vitro were inoculated in Petri dishes containing 30 mL of modified Y3 medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0, 9, and 18 μM) and IAA (0, 28.43, and 56.86 μM), respectively. For the multiplication of embryogenic calli, the presence of 2,4-D was found to be essential, whereas its absence was required for somatic embryo formation. The use of the conventional medium containing 9 μM 2,4- D + 28.43 μM IAA enabled the production of higher-quality embryogenic calli, with increased proportion and reduced oxidation. The presence of 2,4-D was directly associated with cell division signaling, whereas its removal enhanced differentiation into somatic embryos. In experiment (ii), the performance of four genotypes was evaluated under five concentrations of activated charcoal (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 g L - 1) added to C4 medium during in vitro elongation of clonal plantlets of E. guineensis. Viable clonal plantlets were obtained for all tested genotypes, although further adjustments are required for less responsive materials. Related genotypes showed superior development throughout the study, suggesting an effect of parental genetics. The absence of activated charcoal favored better responses for the establishment of clonal plantlets of E. guineensis. However, polynomial regression analysis demonstrated that the use of 2.8 g L - 1 of activated charcoal optimized secondary somatic embryogenesis, resulting in a greater number of plants under this condition. Keywords: auxins ; activated charcoal; Oil palm; genetics; in vitro regeneration
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SILVEIRA, João Victor Baptista. Multiplicação, diferenciação, alongamento in vitro e estabelecimento de mudas clonais de Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (arecaceae). 2025. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
