Sementes da vida e reforma agrária popular: estratégias de (re)existência e autonomia camponesa
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2018-10-24
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Apesar do processo de erosão genética e cultural intensificado com a “Revolução Verde”, outras formas de cuidar da vida são mantidas e estimuladas pelos camponeses/as, povos tradicionais e movimentos agroecológicos. Uma delas é a conservação dinâmica das sementes ditas “crioulas” em seus territórios, sementes locais, adaptadas às condições edáfico climáticas e com identificação e identidade cultural. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi identificar tais estratégias e práticas, seus significados e sua relação com a soberania e segurança alimentar no assentamento da reforma agrária Dênis Gonçalves, localizado na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Foram diferentes as estratégias encontradas. A primeira que destacamos é a luta pela terra e a conquista do próprio assentamento. Novos desafios se colocaram: a infra- estrutura necessária para habitação e produção, o conhecimento ecológico local sobre o relevo, clima, temperatura e solos, a organização interna do grupo e o conhecimento sociocultural da região. A partir disso, sementes têm sido retomadas, selecionadas e incorporadas ao plantio. Uma ação estratégica foram as práticas de trocas e intercâmbios entre os camponeses/as, pois elas promovem a aquisição de novas variedades e a troca de saberes e práticas. Algumas sementes são conservadas nas próprias áreas de cultivo, a maioria em garrafas tipo PET de variados tamanhos, em paiol ou pequenas estruturas e/ou em misturas como com em terra de formiga. Outras, no entanto, são compradas novamente a cada ciclo produtivo em casas de lavoura ou agropecuárias. As sementes tomam dimensões muito distintas para os/as assentados/as, seja por um valor simbólico-espiritual, seja por meio de produção e vida, seja pela forma organizativa e político-ideológica do movimento social. Ao adentrar nos agroecossistemas, reforçamos a importância da sociobiodiversidade na autonomia alimentar das famílias e na dinâmica dos subsistemas. O tema soberania alimentar perpassou todas as entrevistas e conversas em grupo. Destacamos, por fim, as espécies e os alimentos que foram identificados como os principais mantenedores da alimentação cotidiana dos núcleos sociais entrevistados, o que foi mais citado e lembrado foi o feijão. O trabalho, pois, evidenciou a luta camponesa na concretização da reforma agrária popular e na conservação, dinâmica e múltipla, de culturas (sementes e saberes). Por fim, por meio de processos educativos, o assentamento constrói culturalmente e politicamente sistemas agroalimentares voltados para o bem comum.
Despite the process of genetic and cultural erosion intensified with the “Green Revolution”, other ways of taking care of life are maintained and encouraged by peasants, traditional people and agro-ecological movements. One of them is the dynamic conservation of local seeds in their territories, adapted to edaphic climatic conditions, with identification and cultural identity. The general objective of this work was to identify such strategies and practices, their meanings and their relationship with sovereignty and food security in the settlement of the Dênis Gonçalves agrarian reform, located in the Zona da Mata of the state of Minas Gerais. The strategies identified were different. The first one we highlight is the struggle for land and the reclaiming of the settlement itself. The new challenges that now arise are namely: the necessary infrastructure for houses and production, the local ecological knowledge about the soil, climate, temperature and soil, the internal organization of the group and the socio-cultural knowledge of the region. From this, seeds were reclaimed, selected and incorporated into the planting cycle. A strategic action was the practices of exchanges between peasants, as they promote the acquisition of new varieties and the sharing of knowledge and practices. Some seeds are conserved in the growing areas, most of them in PET bottles of varying sizes, in granules or small structures and/or in mixtures as with the ant-mound material. Others, however, usually of vegetables, are bought back every productive cycle in farmers’ shops. The seeds take on very different dimensions for the settlers, whether for a symbolic-spiritual value, or for the production and life, or for the organizational and political-ideological form of the social movement. As we enter agroecosystems, we reinforce the importance of socio-biodiversity in the family's food autonomy and in the dynamics of subsystems. The topic of food sovereignty permeated all the interviews and group conversations. We highlight the foods and the creole varieties that were identified as the main maintainers of the daily food of the interlocutors, what was most quoted and remembered were the beans. The work, therefore, showed the peasant struggle in the concretisation of the popular agrarian reform and in the conservation, dynamic and multiple, of cultures (seeds and knowledge). Finally, through educational processes, the settlement constructs culturally and politically agri-food systems aimed at the common good.
Despite the process of genetic and cultural erosion intensified with the “Green Revolution”, other ways of taking care of life are maintained and encouraged by peasants, traditional people and agro-ecological movements. One of them is the dynamic conservation of local seeds in their territories, adapted to edaphic climatic conditions, with identification and cultural identity. The general objective of this work was to identify such strategies and practices, their meanings and their relationship with sovereignty and food security in the settlement of the Dênis Gonçalves agrarian reform, located in the Zona da Mata of the state of Minas Gerais. The strategies identified were different. The first one we highlight is the struggle for land and the reclaiming of the settlement itself. The new challenges that now arise are namely: the necessary infrastructure for houses and production, the local ecological knowledge about the soil, climate, temperature and soil, the internal organization of the group and the socio-cultural knowledge of the region. From this, seeds were reclaimed, selected and incorporated into the planting cycle. A strategic action was the practices of exchanges between peasants, as they promote the acquisition of new varieties and the sharing of knowledge and practices. Some seeds are conserved in the growing areas, most of them in PET bottles of varying sizes, in granules or small structures and/or in mixtures as with the ant-mound material. Others, however, usually of vegetables, are bought back every productive cycle in farmers’ shops. The seeds take on very different dimensions for the settlers, whether for a symbolic-spiritual value, or for the production and life, or for the organizational and political-ideological form of the social movement. As we enter agroecosystems, we reinforce the importance of socio-biodiversity in the family's food autonomy and in the dynamics of subsystems. The topic of food sovereignty permeated all the interviews and group conversations. We highlight the foods and the creole varieties that were identified as the main maintainers of the daily food of the interlocutors, what was most quoted and remembered were the beans. The work, therefore, showed the peasant struggle in the concretisation of the popular agrarian reform and in the conservation, dynamic and multiple, of cultures (seeds and knowledge). Finally, through educational processes, the settlement constructs culturally and politically agri-food systems aimed at the common good.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Assentamento Dênis Gonçalves (Goianá, MG), Sementes, Soberania alimentar
Citação
PEREIRA, Lis Soares. Sementes da vida e reforma agrária popular: estratégias de (re)existência e autonomia camponesa. 2018. 106 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroecologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2018.