Análise das trajetórias de atividade física e incidência de síndrome metabólica: evidências de uma coorte populacional de egressos de universidades brasileiras (estudo CUME)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Evidências científicas demonstram que a prática regular de atividade física é um dos principais fatores protetores contra Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT), como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes tipo 2 e síndrome metabólica, melhorando a sensibilidade à insulina, o perfil lipídico e a composição corporal, contribuindo para a redução do risco cardiometabólico. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre as trajetórias de atividade física e a incidência de síndrome metabólica. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo com 1.138 egressos universitários do Estudo CUME+, acompanhados por seis anos (2016–2022). As trajetórias de atividade física foram identificadas por meio de modelagem de crescimento de classe latente, utilizando um modelo normal censurado, e a associação entre fatores independentes e as trajetórias foi avaliada por modelos de regressão de Cox. Foram identificadas três trajetórias: baixo-baixo (<150 min/semana), com incidência de 5,1%; alto-baixo (300-150) min/semana), com incidência de 6,6%; e alto-alto (>300 min/semana), com incidência de 2,7%. Observou-se redução progressiva no risco de síndrome metabólica com níveis mais elevados e sustentados de atividade física ao longo do tempo. Participantes mais ativos apresentaram maior média de idade (39,5±11,9 anos), maior renda familiar (11,6±8,6 salários mínimos), maior consumo de alimentos in natura (61,3%) e menor consumo de ultraprocessados (22,6%). Em contrapartida, o grupo menos ativo apresentou maior prevalência de hipertrigliceridemia (56,7%). Os resultados indicam que a manutenção de níveis elevados de atividade física ao longo do tempo exerça efeito protetor contra a síndrome metabólica, reforçando a importância de políticas públicas voltadas à promoção de estilos de vida ativos e saudáveis entre adultos jovens. Palavras-chave: doenças crônicas; síndrome metabólica; estudos de coorte; atividade física; indicadores epidemiológicos
Scientific evidence demonstrates that regular physical activity is one of the main protective factors against noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD), such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. It improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and body composition, contributing to a reduction in cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between physical activity trajectories and the incidence of metabolic syndrome. This was a prospective cohort study including 1,138 university graduates from the CUME+ Study, followed up for six years (2016–2022). Physical activity trajectories were identified through latent class growth modeling using a censored normal model, and the association between independent factors and trajectories was assessed using Cox regression models. Three trajectories were identified: low–low (<150 min/week), with an incidence of 5.1%; high–low (300–150 min/week), with an incidence of 6.6%; and high–high (>300 min/week), with an incidence of 2.7%. A progressive reduction in the risk of metabolic syndrome was observed with higher and sustained levels of physical activity over time. More active participants had a higher mean age (39.5±11.9 years), higher family income (11.6±8.6 minimum wages), greater consumption of unprocessed foods (61.3%), and lower consumption of ultra- processed foods (22.6%). Conversely, the least active group showed a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (56.7%). The results indicate that maintaining high levels of physical activity over time exerts a protective effect against metabolic syndrome, reinforcing the importance of public policies aimed at promoting active and healthy lifestyles among young adults. Keywords: chronic diseases; metabolic syndrome; cohort studies; physical activity; epidemiological indicators
Scientific evidence demonstrates that regular physical activity is one of the main protective factors against noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD), such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. It improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and body composition, contributing to a reduction in cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between physical activity trajectories and the incidence of metabolic syndrome. This was a prospective cohort study including 1,138 university graduates from the CUME+ Study, followed up for six years (2016–2022). Physical activity trajectories were identified through latent class growth modeling using a censored normal model, and the association between independent factors and trajectories was assessed using Cox regression models. Three trajectories were identified: low–low (<150 min/week), with an incidence of 5.1%; high–low (300–150 min/week), with an incidence of 6.6%; and high–high (>300 min/week), with an incidence of 2.7%. A progressive reduction in the risk of metabolic syndrome was observed with higher and sustained levels of physical activity over time. More active participants had a higher mean age (39.5±11.9 years), higher family income (11.6±8.6 minimum wages), greater consumption of unprocessed foods (61.3%), and lower consumption of ultra- processed foods (22.6%). Conversely, the least active group showed a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (56.7%). The results indicate that maintaining high levels of physical activity over time exerts a protective effect against metabolic syndrome, reinforcing the importance of public policies aimed at promoting active and healthy lifestyles among young adults. Keywords: chronic diseases; metabolic syndrome; cohort studies; physical activity; epidemiological indicators
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ARRUDA, Renata Corrêa. Análise das trajetórias de atividade física e incidência de síndrome metabólica: evidências de uma coorte populacional de egressos de universidades brasileiras (estudo CUME). 2025. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
