Desempenho agronômico e valor nutritivo de genótipos de capim-elefante de porte baixo sob duas alturas de desfolhação
Data
2024-08-11
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Objetivou-se estudar as características morfogênicas, produtivas, estruturais e a composição bromatológica de genótipos de capim-elefante anão, propagados vegetativamente e por sementes, em duas alturas de Desfolhação. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, sendo cinco genótipos de capim-elefante (P 2022 S1, 1810, 2111, 2035 e BRS Kurumi) e duas alturas de Desfolhação (25 e 45 cm), no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, durante dois anos. A desfolha ocorreu quando o dossel atingia entre 93-95% de interceptação luminosa no período chuvoso e a cada 45 dias no período seco. Não foi observada diferença entre os genótipos de propagação vegetativa e por semente (P 2022 S1), para a maioria das variáveis estudadas no período chuvoso. Verificou-se que a altura de desfolhação de 25 cm resultou em dosséis mais baixos (82 cm) do que com 45 cm (96 cm) alta taxa de aparecimento de folha, e menor filocrono. Houve aumento na porcentagem de lâmina foliar e redução na porcentagem de colmo na altura de desfolhação de 45 cm para os genótipos P 2022 S1 e 2111. Os genótipos 2111 e 1810 foram superiores `a BRS Kurumi, para porcentagem de lâmina foliar e de colmo na altura de desfolhação de 45 cm. Os genótipos 1810, 2035, 2011 e BRS Kurumi apresentaram menor intervalo médio entre cortes (24 dias) e maior número de colheitas (7 colheitas), em comparação ao P 2022 S1 que apresentou intervalo entre cortes de 29 dias e 6 colheitas no período chuvoso. A altura de desfolhação não influenciou a acúmulo de forragem no período chuvoso (13,6 t/ha) nem no período seco (4,6 t/ha) e o genótipo 2111 apresentou maior acúmulo de forragem (14,7 t/ha) e biomassa de lâmina de folhas por corte (2,3 t/corte). Os genótipos 1810, P 2022 S1, 2035 e 2111 apresentaram maior teor de matéria seca que a BRS Kurumi no período chuvoso e seco. O manejo a 45 cm resultou em maior teor de proteína bruta e da digestibilidade in vitro, no período chuvoso do primeiro ano. Os teores de proteína bruta variaram entre 14 e 19%. A BRS Kurumi apresentou menores teores de fibra em detergente neutro e maior teor de proteína bruta no período seco e chuvoso. No período seco o genótipo 2111 apresentou maior relação lâmina/colmo dentre os genótipos. Os genótipos 1810, 2111, 2035 e BRS Kurumi apresentaram maior porcentagem de folha e menor porcentagem de colmo. Os genótipos 1810, 2035, e 2111 apresentaram acúmulo de forragem, biomassa de lâmina de folhas por corte e taxa de acúmulo de forragem superior à da BRS Kurumi no primeiro ano A altura de desfolhação de 45cm resultou em maior densidade de forragem e taxa de acúmulo de forragem. As frações proteicas não foram influenciadas pela altura de desfolhação. Conclui-se que os genótipos 2111, 1810 e 2035 apresentaram melhor desempenho em termos de acúmulo de forragem, biomassa de lâmina foliar e teor de matéria seca, e que a altura de desfolhação de 45 cm favoreceu maiores teores de proteína bruta, digestibilidade e relação lâmina/colmo, além de reduzir a proporção de colmo. As frações proteicas não são afetadas pela altura de desfolhação. Palavras-chave: biomassa de forragem. fracionamento de proteína. digestibilidade. taxa de acúmulo. relação lâmina foliar/colmo.
The objective was to study the morphogenetic, productive, structural characteristics, and bromatological composition of dwarf elephant grass genotypes, propagated vegetatively and by seeds, under two defoliation heights. The experiment followed a 5 x 2 factorial design, with five elephant grass genotypes (P 2022 S1, 1810, 2111, 2035, and BRS Kurumi) and two defoliation heights (25 and 45 cm), in a randomized block design with three replicates, conducted over two years. Defoliation occurred when the canopy reached 93-95% light interception during the rainy season and at 45-day intervals during the dry season. No differences were observed between the vegetatively propagated genotypes and the seed-propagated genotype (P 2022 S1) for most variables during the rainy season. The 25 cm defoliation height resulted in lower canopies (82 cm) compared to 45 cm (96 cm), a higher leaf appearance rate, and a shorter phyllochron. There was an increase in leaf blade percentage and a reduction in stem percentage at 45 cm for genotypes P 2022 S1 and 2111. Genotypes 2111 and 1810 outperformed BRS Kurumi in leaf blade and stem percentages at 45 cm. Genotypes 1810, 2035, 2011, and BRS Kurumi had a shorter average cutting interval (24 days) and a higher number of harvests (7) compared to P 2022 S1, which had a cutting interval of 29 days and 6 harvests during the rainy season. Defoliation height did not affect forage accumulation during the rainy season (13.6 t/ha) or the dry season (4.6 t/ha), and genotype 2111 had the highest forage accumulation (14.7 t/ha) and leaf blade biomass per cut (2.3 t/cut). Genotypes 1810, P 2022 S1, 2035, and 2111 had higher dry matter content than BRS Kurumi in both the rainy and dry seasons. Management at 45 cm resulted in higher crude protein content and in vitro digestibility during the first year's rainy season. Crude protein content ranged between 14 and 19%. BRS Kurumi had lower neutral detergent fiber content and higher crude protein content in both the dry and rainy seasons. During the dry season, genotype 2111 exhibited the highest leaf-to-stem ratio among the genotypes. Genotypes 1810, 2111, 2035, and BRS Kurumi showed a higher leaf percentage and lower stem percentage. Genotypes 1810, 2035, and 2111 had greater forage accumulation, leaf blade biomass per cut, and forage accumulation rate than BRS Kurumi in the first year. The 45 cm defoliation height resulted in higher forage density and forage accumulation rate. Protein fractions were not affected by defoliation height. It was concluded that genotypes 2111, 1810, and 2035 performed better in terms of forage accumulation, leaf blade biomass, and dry matter content. The 45 cm defoliation height promoted higher crude protein content, digestibility, and leaf-to-stem ratio, while reducing the stem proportion. Protein fractions were not influenced by defoliation height. Keywords: forage biomass, protein fractionation, digestibility, accumulation rate, leaf blade/stem ratio.
The objective was to study the morphogenetic, productive, structural characteristics, and bromatological composition of dwarf elephant grass genotypes, propagated vegetatively and by seeds, under two defoliation heights. The experiment followed a 5 x 2 factorial design, with five elephant grass genotypes (P 2022 S1, 1810, 2111, 2035, and BRS Kurumi) and two defoliation heights (25 and 45 cm), in a randomized block design with three replicates, conducted over two years. Defoliation occurred when the canopy reached 93-95% light interception during the rainy season and at 45-day intervals during the dry season. No differences were observed between the vegetatively propagated genotypes and the seed-propagated genotype (P 2022 S1) for most variables during the rainy season. The 25 cm defoliation height resulted in lower canopies (82 cm) compared to 45 cm (96 cm), a higher leaf appearance rate, and a shorter phyllochron. There was an increase in leaf blade percentage and a reduction in stem percentage at 45 cm for genotypes P 2022 S1 and 2111. Genotypes 2111 and 1810 outperformed BRS Kurumi in leaf blade and stem percentages at 45 cm. Genotypes 1810, 2035, 2011, and BRS Kurumi had a shorter average cutting interval (24 days) and a higher number of harvests (7) compared to P 2022 S1, which had a cutting interval of 29 days and 6 harvests during the rainy season. Defoliation height did not affect forage accumulation during the rainy season (13.6 t/ha) or the dry season (4.6 t/ha), and genotype 2111 had the highest forage accumulation (14.7 t/ha) and leaf blade biomass per cut (2.3 t/cut). Genotypes 1810, P 2022 S1, 2035, and 2111 had higher dry matter content than BRS Kurumi in both the rainy and dry seasons. Management at 45 cm resulted in higher crude protein content and in vitro digestibility during the first year's rainy season. Crude protein content ranged between 14 and 19%. BRS Kurumi had lower neutral detergent fiber content and higher crude protein content in both the dry and rainy seasons. During the dry season, genotype 2111 exhibited the highest leaf-to-stem ratio among the genotypes. Genotypes 1810, 2111, 2035, and BRS Kurumi showed a higher leaf percentage and lower stem percentage. Genotypes 1810, 2035, and 2111 had greater forage accumulation, leaf blade biomass per cut, and forage accumulation rate than BRS Kurumi in the first year. The 45 cm defoliation height resulted in higher forage density and forage accumulation rate. Protein fractions were not affected by defoliation height. It was concluded that genotypes 2111, 1810, and 2035 performed better in terms of forage accumulation, leaf blade biomass, and dry matter content. The 45 cm defoliation height promoted higher crude protein content, digestibility, and leaf-to-stem ratio, while reducing the stem proportion. Protein fractions were not influenced by defoliation height. Keywords: forage biomass, protein fractionation, digestibility, accumulation rate, leaf blade/stem ratio.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Capim-elefante - Silagem - Genética, Biomassa vegetal, Desfolhamento
Citação
SILVA, Rafael Bolina da. Desempenho agronômico e valor nutritivo de genótipos de capim-elefante de porte baixo sob duas alturas de desfolhação. 2024. 72 f. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.