Focalização e cobertura do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA): avaliação de sua eficácia nas regiões brasileiras
Arquivos
Data
2017-10
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Editor
Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
Resumo
A formulação e a implementação de políticas públicas e programas governamentais têm ganhado destaque no cenário da administração pública brasileira; porém, ainda são escassas e incipientes as iniciativas voltadas à avaliação de políticas. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), classificando os municípios brasileiros em relação ao nível de propensão à execução desta política pública. Para isso, foram elaborados dois indicadores compostos por sete variáveis que englobassem tanto a propensão de insegurança alimentar da população local quanto a necessidade de acesso ao mercado por parte da agricultura familiar local. Posteriormente, foi estimado o nível de cobertura do programa nas regiões brasileiras. Foram utilizadas as técnicas estatísticas multivariada Análise de Cluster para identificar agrupamentos e Análise de Discriminante para validá-los. Foi possível identificar quatro grupos de demanda do programa com características distintas significativamente validados pela Análise Discriminante. O grupo com maior demanda das ações do programa é formado por municípios com expressiva presença de agricultores familiares, baixo dinamismo econômico e alto risco de segurança alimentar, e estão localizados majoritariamente nas regiões Nordeste e Norte. Constatou-se que o PAA tem concentrado suas ações nestes municípios; porém, o nível de cobertura do programa ainda é incipiente. Demonstrou-se, também, que a taxa de cobertura por regiões ainda é desigual, indicando que algumas regiões têm sido preteridas, com destaque para o Norte e o Nordeste.
Conception and the practice of public policies and government programs have been highlighted in the Brazilian public administration. However, the initiatives to evaluate policies are still rare and incipient. We aim to evaluate the efficiency of food acquisition Program (PAA), classifying the Brazilian municipalities according to the level of tendency to implement this public policy. In order to do this, two indicators with seven variables were elaborated that incorporates both the propensity to food insecurity from local population and local familiar agriculture access to the market. Moreover, we estimated the coverage level of the program in Brazilian regions. We used multivariate statistical techniques Cluster analysis to identify groups and Discriminant analysis to validate them. As result, it was possible to identify four groups of program demand with distinct characteristics significantly validated by discriminant analysis. The group with highest demand of program actions is formed by municipalities with significant presence of family farmers, low economic dynamism and high risk of food security. They are mostly located in the Northeastern and Northern areas. Interestingly, we noted that the PAA has focused its actions in these municipalities. However, the level of coverage of the program is still incipient. Finally, the coverage rate based on regions is still uneven, indicating that some regions have been rejected, especially in North and Northeast of Brazil.
Conception and the practice of public policies and government programs have been highlighted in the Brazilian public administration. However, the initiatives to evaluate policies are still rare and incipient. We aim to evaluate the efficiency of food acquisition Program (PAA), classifying the Brazilian municipalities according to the level of tendency to implement this public policy. In order to do this, two indicators with seven variables were elaborated that incorporates both the propensity to food insecurity from local population and local familiar agriculture access to the market. Moreover, we estimated the coverage level of the program in Brazilian regions. We used multivariate statistical techniques Cluster analysis to identify groups and Discriminant analysis to validate them. As result, it was possible to identify four groups of program demand with distinct characteristics significantly validated by discriminant analysis. The group with highest demand of program actions is formed by municipalities with significant presence of family farmers, low economic dynamism and high risk of food security. They are mostly located in the Northeastern and Northern areas. Interestingly, we noted that the PAA has focused its actions in these municipalities. However, the level of coverage of the program is still incipient. Finally, the coverage rate based on regions is still uneven, indicating that some regions have been rejected, especially in North and Northeast of Brazil.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, Avaliação, Políticas públicas, Agricultura familiar, Análise de cluster, Food Acquisition Program, Evaluation, Public policy, Family agriculture, Cluster analysis