Impacto econômico das mudanças climáticas na agricultura do Paraguai
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A identificação dos impactos econômicos em variáveis como exportações, renda e bem- estar, que podem ser gerados pelas mudanças climáticas nos diferentes setores de um país em desenvolvimento, como é o caso do Paraguai, torna-se de suma relevância para a sociedade, especialmente quando se trata de efeitos no setor agrícola, que, além de ser uns dos pilares mais fortes da economia paraguaia, nos últimos anos, vem apresentando crescimentos relevantes na produtividade. Para a identificação desses impactos econômicos, primeiramente, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura para as culturas agrícolas mais importantes do país em estudo, identificando, assim, dois trabalhos diferentes para o Paraguai: o relatório do IPCC e a investigação realizada pela FAO, destacando que para as outras regiões estudadas na pesquisa, foram consideradas apenas um cenário fixo. Em um segundo momento, os valores encontrados através da literatura foram divididos em dezesseis cenários diferentes dentro de um Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Computável (EGC), o GTAPinGAMS, aplicando oito deles na produtividade total da terra (PTT) e oito na produtividade total dos fatores de produção (PTF). Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa foram favoráveis, na sua grande maioria, para o Paraguai, o que pode ser explicado pelo fato de o Paraguai apresentar efeitos menos severos que as outras regiões consideradas na pesquisa. Além disso, dentre os cenários considerados, os que receberam os choques na PTF apresentam para o Paraguai maiores ganhos que os que receberam na PTT, nota-se também uma especialização da região na produção de soja e trigo, o que gera perda de fatores produtivos dos outros setores para esses, à medida que o país vai se especializando. O Paraguai foi a região com maiores ganhos em bem-estar e PIB dentre as regiões consideras na pesquisa, como também nota-se que as demais regiões não apresentaram mudança nenhuma nos cenários para o PIB, demonstrando que a economia paraguaia afeta pouco as demais regiões do mundo, quando considerados os mesmos choques. Para futuros construtos, sugere-se trabalhar com a base de dados atualizada do GTAP, assim como adoção de modelos econômicos dinâmicos nas análises de choques de produtividade e inclusão da pecuária.
The identification of economic impacts on variables such as exports, income, and welfare, which can be generated by climate change in different sectors of a developing country, such as Paraguay, is of society. Even more especially when it comes to effects in the agricultural sector, which, in addition to being one of the strongest pillars of the Paraguayan economy, in recent years has been presenting significant increases in productivity. For the identification of these economic impacts, a review of the most important agricultural literature in the country was carried out, thus finding two different works for Paraguay: the IPCC report and the FAO report, noting that for the other regions studied in the research, were considered only a fixed scenario. Then, the values found in the literature were divided into sixteen different scenarios within a General Computable Equilibrium Model (EGC), specifically the GTAPinGAMS, applying eight of them to the total productivity of the land (PTT) and eight to the total productivity of the factors of production PTF). The results obtained in the research favored, for the most part, Paraguay, which can be explained by the fact that Paraguay has less severe effects than the other regions considered in the research. In addition, among the scenarios considered, the ones that received the shocks in the PTF have greater gains for Paraguay than those they received in the PTT, there is also a specialization of the region in the production of soybeans and wheat, which generates loss of productive factors from other sectors to these, as the country goes on specializing. Paraguay was the region with the greatest gains in welfare and GDP among the regions considered in the survey, as well as the other regions showed no change in the scenarios for GDP, demonstrating that the Paraguayan economy does not affect much the other regions of the world when considered the same shocks. For future work, it is suggested to work with the updated GTAP database, as well as the adoption of dynamic economic models in the analysis of productivity shocks and the inclusion of livestock.
The identification of economic impacts on variables such as exports, income, and welfare, which can be generated by climate change in different sectors of a developing country, such as Paraguay, is of society. Even more especially when it comes to effects in the agricultural sector, which, in addition to being one of the strongest pillars of the Paraguayan economy, in recent years has been presenting significant increases in productivity. For the identification of these economic impacts, a review of the most important agricultural literature in the country was carried out, thus finding two different works for Paraguay: the IPCC report and the FAO report, noting that for the other regions studied in the research, were considered only a fixed scenario. Then, the values found in the literature were divided into sixteen different scenarios within a General Computable Equilibrium Model (EGC), specifically the GTAPinGAMS, applying eight of them to the total productivity of the land (PTT) and eight to the total productivity of the factors of production PTF). The results obtained in the research favored, for the most part, Paraguay, which can be explained by the fact that Paraguay has less severe effects than the other regions considered in the research. In addition, among the scenarios considered, the ones that received the shocks in the PTF have greater gains for Paraguay than those they received in the PTT, there is also a specialization of the region in the production of soybeans and wheat, which generates loss of productive factors from other sectors to these, as the country goes on specializing. Paraguay was the region with the greatest gains in welfare and GDP among the regions considered in the survey, as well as the other regions showed no change in the scenarios for GDP, demonstrating that the Paraguayan economy does not affect much the other regions of the world when considered the same shocks. For future work, it is suggested to work with the updated GTAP database, as well as the adoption of dynamic economic models in the analysis of productivity shocks and the inclusion of livestock.
Description
Citation
BENITEZ RRODRIGUEZ, Angel Manuel. Impacto econômico das mudanças climáticas na agricultura do Paraguai. 2019. 83 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia Aplicada) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.
