Avaliação de biomarcadores como indicador de malignidade e de progressão tumoral em neoplasias mamárias caninas
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
As neoplasias mamárias são os tumores mais comuns em cadelas e, de acordo com a Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology (VSSO), representam, atualmente, aproximadamente 42% das neoplasias diagnosticadas na medicina veterinária. Por mais que a avaliação histológica dos nódulos seja o padrão ouro para diagnóstico, inúmeros grupos de pesquisa visam o aprimoramento e desenvolvimento de novas técnicas. Além da análise morfológica, a patologia molecular vem ganhando espaço na oncologia, adicionando informações ao diagnóstico histopatológico e aos fatores preditivos e prognósticos já estabelecidos. Na oncologia, a expressão aumentada de CRYAB, CD9 e CD63 é relacionada a um comportamento agressivo tumoral, associada à progressão, transição epitelial-mesenquimal, infiltração inflamatória, menor sobrevida e recidivas mais prováveis em diversos tumores. Esta tese é dividida em dois capítulos, sendo o primeiro uma revisão sistemática sobre biomarcadores prognósticos de neoplasias mamárias caninas. No segundo capítulo, a avaliação imuno-histoquímica da expressão de CRYAB, CD63 e CD69 em neoplasias mamárias caninas foi realizada, coletando fragmentos de nódulos dos animais atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Viçosa entre 2021 e 2022. Observou-se que CRYAB e CD63 apresenta variações significativas em relação à graduação histológica e ao tamanho do tumor. Por outro lado, CD9 não apresentou diferenças significativas na expressão ou intensidade entre as graduações histológicas, mas sua intensidade mostrou uma correlação positiva significativa com o tamanho do tumor, sugerindo que o CD9 pode estar envolvido na progressão tumoral e no crescimento, apesar de não ser um marcador específico para a graduação histológica. Mais estudos são necessários para determinação do real valor dessas proteínas como biomarcadores em pacientes com neoplasias mamárias. Palavras-chave: Oncologia veterinária; biomarcador; alfa B-cristalina, CD63, CD9.
Mammary neoplasms are the most common tumors in female dogs and, according to the Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology (VSSO), currently account for approximately 42% of neoplasms diagnosed in veterinary medicine. Although histological evaluation of nodules remains the gold standard for diagnosis, numerous research groups are focused on improving and developing new diagnostic techniques. In addition to morphological analysis, molecular pathology has been gaining prominence in oncology, providing complementary information to histopathological diagnosis and established predictive and prognostic factors. In oncology, increased expression of CRYAB, CD9, and CD63 has been associated with aggressive tumor behavior, including progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammatory infiltration, shorter survival, and higher recurrence rates in various tumors. This dissertation is divided into two chapters: the first presents a systematic review of prognostic biomarkers in canine mammary neoplasms. The second chapter involves the immunohistochemical evaluation of CRYAB, CD63, and CD9 expression in canine mammary neoplasms, analyzing tissue samples from nodules collected from animals treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Viçosa between 2021 and 2022. The results revealed that CRYAB and CD63 exhibit significant variations concerning histological grade and tumor size. Conversely, CD9 did not show significant differences in expression or intensity across histological grades; however, its intensity demonstrated a significant positive correlation with tumor size, suggesting that CD9 may be involved in tumor progression and growth, despite not being a specific marker for histological grading. Further studies are necessary to determine the true value of these proteins as biomarkers in patients with mammary neoplasms. Keywords: Veterinary oncology; biomarker; alpha B-crystallin, CD63, CD9.
Mammary neoplasms are the most common tumors in female dogs and, according to the Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology (VSSO), currently account for approximately 42% of neoplasms diagnosed in veterinary medicine. Although histological evaluation of nodules remains the gold standard for diagnosis, numerous research groups are focused on improving and developing new diagnostic techniques. In addition to morphological analysis, molecular pathology has been gaining prominence in oncology, providing complementary information to histopathological diagnosis and established predictive and prognostic factors. In oncology, increased expression of CRYAB, CD9, and CD63 has been associated with aggressive tumor behavior, including progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammatory infiltration, shorter survival, and higher recurrence rates in various tumors. This dissertation is divided into two chapters: the first presents a systematic review of prognostic biomarkers in canine mammary neoplasms. The second chapter involves the immunohistochemical evaluation of CRYAB, CD63, and CD9 expression in canine mammary neoplasms, analyzing tissue samples from nodules collected from animals treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Viçosa between 2021 and 2022. The results revealed that CRYAB and CD63 exhibit significant variations concerning histological grade and tumor size. Conversely, CD9 did not show significant differences in expression or intensity across histological grades; however, its intensity demonstrated a significant positive correlation with tumor size, suggesting that CD9 may be involved in tumor progression and growth, despite not being a specific marker for histological grading. Further studies are necessary to determine the true value of these proteins as biomarkers in patients with mammary neoplasms. Keywords: Veterinary oncology; biomarker; alpha B-crystallin, CD63, CD9.
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MIRANDA, Jéssica Lelis de. Avaliação de biomarcadores como indicador de malignidade e de progressão tumoral em neoplasias mamárias caninas. 2024. 39 f. Tese (Doutorado em Medicina Veterinária) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
