Efeito do consumo regular de castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) sobre os marcadores de glicação avançada e relação entre esses marcadores e fatores ligados à obesidade em mulheres adultas com excesso de peso: estudo castanhas brasileiras
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2023-02-17
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O desenvolvimento e hipertrofia de adipócitos estão subjacentes à obesidade e suas doenças metabólicas associadas, como o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Por sua vez, os produtos finais de glicação avançada também chamados AGEs (do inglês, Advanced Glycated End-Products) tendem a ser mais abundantes em condições de hiperglicemia e no excesso de peso. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do consumo regular de castanha-do-brasil associado a uma dieta restrita em calorias sobre os produtos finais de glicação avançada em mulheres adultas com excesso de peso. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico, controlado, paralelo, não randomizado com mulheres adultas, com excesso de peso e risco cardiometabólico. Quarenta e seis participantes foram alocadas no grupo controle ou no grupo castanha-do-brasil (CB) (grupo teste). Ambos os grupos receberam plano alimentar com redução em calorias (-500 kcal); no entanto, apenas o grupo teste recebeu 2 unidades de castanha-do-brasil (8 g/ dia de castanha, 347,2 µg/dia de selênio) ao dia, durante oito semanas. Marcadores antropométricos (peso, altura, perímetros da cintura, quadril, pescoço e panturrilha), de composição corporal (gordura corporal e massa livre de gordura) e de consumo alimentar (média de três recordatórios alimentar de 24 horas) foram avaliadas no início e ao final do estudo no Laboratório de Metabolismo Energético e de Composição Corporal. Marcadores bioquímicos foram avaliados em amostras de sangue coletadas pela manhã após jejum noturno (10-12h) e armazenadas a – 80°C. O consumo de AGEs da dieta (dAGES) foi estimado a partir de um banco de dados contendo 549 alimentos com valores de AGEs por 100g de alimento, estimados de acordo com o conteúdo de carboximetillisina (CML) e foram expressos como AGEs equivalentes (Eq) por dia. Para determinação quantitativa de CML, metilglioxal (MGO) e sRAGE (receptores solúveis de produtos finas de glicação acavnçada) foram utilizados kits ELISA. A análise dos produtos precoces de glicação (EGPs) foi realizada a partir da técnica de Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT). A ANOVA de dois fatores para medidas repetidas (ANOVA-RM), seguida pelo teste de Tukey-Kramer foi aplicada para verificar o efeito do tratamento, do tempo e a interação tempo e tratamento nas variáveis. Todas as análises foram realizadas no software SPSS e foi adotado um nível de significância estatística de ≤5%. Metilglioxal diminuiu no grupo castanha- do-brasil e sRAGE reduziu no grupo controle. Além disso, MGO foi negativamente associado com a concentração de selênio no grupo CB (r= -0,459 p= 0,028), enquanto sRAGE, correlacionou-se positivamente com a variação de gordura corporal (kg) no grupo controle (r= 0,466 p= 0,025) e com a insulina no grupo CB (r= -0,459 p= 0,028). Já os AGEs da dieta, não apresentaram redução significante. Uma dieta com restrição calórica de 500 kcal associada ao consumo de 8g de castanha-do-brasil, diminuiu a concentração plasmática de MGO, enquanto apenas a restrição calórica é capaz de diminuir as concentrações de sRAGE. Alterações nos marcadores de glicação foram associados a diferentes marcadores antropométricos e bioquímicos. Palavras-chave: Produtos finais de glicação avançada. Obesidade. Antioxidantes. Estresse oxidativo. Fitoquímicos. Selênio. Oleaginosas.
The development and hypertrophy of adipocytes underlie obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). In turn, the advanced glycation end-products also called AGEs (Advanced Glycated End-Products) tend to be more abundant in conditions of hyperglycemia and overweight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular consumption of Brazil nuts associated with a calorie-restricted diet on advanced glycation end products in overweight adult women. This is a clinical, controlled, parallel, non-randomized trial with adult women with excess weight and cardiometabolic risk. Forty-six participants were allocated to either the control group or the Brazil nut (BC) group (test group). Both groups received a reduced-calorie meal plan (-500 kcal); however, only the test group received 2 units of Brazil nuts (8 g/day of nuts, 347.2 µg/day of selenium) per day for eight weeks. Anthropometric (weight, height, waist, hip, neck and calf), body composition (body fat and fat- free mass) and food consumption (mean of three 24-hour food recalls) markers were assessed at baseline and at end of the study in the Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Biochemical markers were evaluated in blood samples collected in the morning after an overnight fast (10-12h) and stored at –80°C. Dietary AGE consumption (dAGES) was estimated from a database containing 549 foods with AGE values per 100g of food, estimated according to carboxymethyllysine (CML) content and expressed as AGE equivalents (Eq) per day. For the quantitative determination of CML, methylglyoxal (MGO) and sRAGE (soluble receptors of advanced glycation fine products) ELISA kits were used. The analysis of early glycation products (EGPs) was performed using the Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) technique. The two-way ANOVA for repeated measures (ANOVA-RM), followed by the Tukey-Kramer test was applied to verify the effect of treatment, time and the interaction between time and treatment on the variables. All analyzes were performed using the SPSS software and a statistical significance level of ≤5% was adopted. Methylglyoxal decreased in the Brazil nut group and sRAGE reduced in the control group. Furthermore, MGO was negatively associated with selenium concentration in the CB group (r= -0.459 p= 0.028), while sRAGE was positively correlated with body fat variation (kg) in the control group (r= 0.466 p= 0.025) and with insulin in the CB group (r= -0.459 p= 0.028). Dietary AGEs did not show a significant reduction. A calorie-restricted diet of 500 kcal associated with the consumption of 8g of Brazil nuts decreased the plasma concentration of MGO, while only caloric restriction is able to decrease sRAGE concentrations. Changes in glycation markers were associated with different anthropometric and biochemical markers. Keywords: Advanced glycation end products. Obesity. Antioxidants. Oxidative stress. Phytochemicals. Selenium. Oilseeds.
The development and hypertrophy of adipocytes underlie obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). In turn, the advanced glycation end-products also called AGEs (Advanced Glycated End-Products) tend to be more abundant in conditions of hyperglycemia and overweight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular consumption of Brazil nuts associated with a calorie-restricted diet on advanced glycation end products in overweight adult women. This is a clinical, controlled, parallel, non-randomized trial with adult women with excess weight and cardiometabolic risk. Forty-six participants were allocated to either the control group or the Brazil nut (BC) group (test group). Both groups received a reduced-calorie meal plan (-500 kcal); however, only the test group received 2 units of Brazil nuts (8 g/day of nuts, 347.2 µg/day of selenium) per day for eight weeks. Anthropometric (weight, height, waist, hip, neck and calf), body composition (body fat and fat- free mass) and food consumption (mean of three 24-hour food recalls) markers were assessed at baseline and at end of the study in the Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Biochemical markers were evaluated in blood samples collected in the morning after an overnight fast (10-12h) and stored at –80°C. Dietary AGE consumption (dAGES) was estimated from a database containing 549 foods with AGE values per 100g of food, estimated according to carboxymethyllysine (CML) content and expressed as AGE equivalents (Eq) per day. For the quantitative determination of CML, methylglyoxal (MGO) and sRAGE (soluble receptors of advanced glycation fine products) ELISA kits were used. The analysis of early glycation products (EGPs) was performed using the Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) technique. The two-way ANOVA for repeated measures (ANOVA-RM), followed by the Tukey-Kramer test was applied to verify the effect of treatment, time and the interaction between time and treatment on the variables. All analyzes were performed using the SPSS software and a statistical significance level of ≤5% was adopted. Methylglyoxal decreased in the Brazil nut group and sRAGE reduced in the control group. Furthermore, MGO was negatively associated with selenium concentration in the CB group (r= -0.459 p= 0.028), while sRAGE was positively correlated with body fat variation (kg) in the control group (r= 0.466 p= 0.025) and with insulin in the CB group (r= -0.459 p= 0.028). Dietary AGEs did not show a significant reduction. A calorie-restricted diet of 500 kcal associated with the consumption of 8g of Brazil nuts decreased the plasma concentration of MGO, while only caloric restriction is able to decrease sRAGE concentrations. Changes in glycation markers were associated with different anthropometric and biochemical markers. Keywords: Advanced glycation end products. Obesity. Antioxidants. Oxidative stress. Phytochemicals. Selenium. Oilseeds.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Obesas - Nutrição, Produtos finais de glicação avançada, Antioxidantes, Castanha-do-brasil na nutrição humana
Citação
FREITAS, Brenda Vieira Machado de. Efeito do consumo regular de castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) sobre os marcadores de glicação avançada e relação entre esses marcadores e fatores ligados à obesidade em mulheres adultas com excesso de peso: estudo castanhas brasileiras. 2023. 76 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.