Adubação com boro, cobre e zinco em plantas adultas de macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata): implicações no crescimento, produção e estado nutricional
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) é uma palmeira nativa da América Tropical com alto potencial produtivo de biocombustível, destacando-se no cenário atual de transição energética. No entanto, apesar dos avanços nas pesquisas, os estudos ainda são recentes e há lacunas relacionadas às práticas de manejo, como o nutricional, especialmente de micronutrientes. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de doses de B, Cu e Zn sobre o crescimento, a produção e o estado nutricional de plantas adultas de macaúba. Foram conduzidos três experimentos com aplicações via solo de doses crescentes de B, Cu e Zn. O delineamento experimental em esquema fatorial com três repetições. A unidade experimental foi constituída de 3 plantas totalizando 36 plantas para cada nutriente estudado. As doses de B foram 0, 10, 20 e 30 g/planta/ano, fornecidas via bórax, as de Cu foram 0, 8, 16 e 32 g/planta/ano, via sulfato de cobre e as de Zn foram 0, 15, 30 e 45 g/planta/ano via sulfato de zinco. Avaliaram-se a altura de plantas, o número de folhas verdes (NFV), o número de folhas senescentes (NFS), o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) e a projeção da copa (PC), bem como a produção (massa de frutos por planta) e os teores foliares (9a a 13a folha, entre maio e junho) de nutrientes nas safras 2023/2024 e 2024/2025. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão e os teores foram interpretados pelo método da Diagnose da Composição Nutricional (CND). As doses de B influenciaram a projeção da copa com aumento de 0,14 m e 0,13 m para cada 10 g de B adicionado nas safras 2023/2024 e 2024/2025. As médias gerais de altura, NFV, NFS, DAP e PC foram 7,2 m; 13,4; 3,9; 37,3 cm e 5,8 m, respectivamente. As doses de B influenciaram os teores de B e Mn, enquanto os teores médios de macronutrientes, em g/kg, foram: N= 18,2; P= 0,7; K= 7,5; Ca=10,3; Mg=0,9; S=0,4; e dos demais micronutrientes, em mg/kg, foram: Cu=2,7; Fe=108,9 e Zn=11,5. As doses de Cu não influenciaram o crescimento, as médias gerais de altura, NFV, NFS, DAP e PC foram 7,2 m; 12,7; 4,1; 36,7 cm e 5,5 m, respectivamente. As doses de Cu influenciaram os teores de B, enquanto os teores médios de macronutrientes, em g/kg, foram: N= 18,7; P= 0,7; K= 6,8; Ca=10,8; Mg=1,2; S=0,5; e dos demais micronutrientes, em mg/kg, foram: Cu=2,7; Fe=101,4; Mn=18,3 e Zn=10,7. As doses de Zn influenciaram o NFV na segunda safra, as médias gerais de altura, NFV, NFS, DAP e PC foram 7,3 m; 13,3; 3,5; 35,8 cm e 5,9 m, respectivamente. As doses de Zn não influenciaram nos teores dos nutrientes, cujas médias de macronutrientes, em g/kg, foram: N= 17,5; P= 0,7; K= 7,2; Ca=11,2; Mg=1,1; S=0,5; e os micronutrientes, em mg/kg, foram: Cu=3,1; Fe=113,2; Mn= 21,9; Zn=11,7 e B=71,5. As produções das safras avaliadas não foram influenciadas pelas doses dos micronutrientes. A avaliação do estado nutricional pelo CND indicou equilíbrio de B e deficiência de Cu e Zn, em seus respectivos experimentos. A resposta da macaúba à adubação com micronutrientes foi lenta, com maior efeito do B e respostas mais restritas de Cu e Zn, além de tendência de efeitos mais evidentes na produção em safras posteriores. O CND mostrou-se uma ferramenta relevante para o diagnóstico precoce de desequilíbrios nutricionais. Palavras-chave: micronutrientes; palmeira oleaginosa; biomassa vegetal; diagnose nutricional.
The macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is a palm tree native to Tropical America with high biofuel production potential, standing out in the current scenario of energy transition. However, despite advances in research, studies are still recent and there are gaps related to management practices, such as nutritional, especially micronutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of B, Cu and Zn doses on the growth, production and nutritional status of adult macaúba plants. Three experiments were conducted with soil applications of increasing doses of B, Cu and Zn. The experimental design was in a factorial scheme with three replications. The experimental unit consisted of 3 plants, totaling 36 plants for each nutrient studied. The B doses were 0, 10, 20 and 30 g/plant/year, supplied via borax, Cu were 0, 8, 16 and 32 g/plant/year, via copper sulfate and Zn were 0, 15, 30 and 45 g/plant/year via zinc sulfate. Plant height, number of green leaves (NGL), number of senescent leaves (NSL), diameter at breast height (DBH) and canopy projection (CP) were evaluated, as well as nutrient production (fruit mass per plant) and leaf contents (9th to 13th leaf, between May and June) in the 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 seasons. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, and the contents were interpreted by the Nutritional Composition Diagnosis (CND) method. The B doses influenced the canopy projection with an increase of 0.14 m and 0.13 m for each 10 g of B added in the 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 harvests. The overall mean height, NGL, NSL, DBH and CP were 7.2 m; 13,4; 3,9; 37.3 cm and 5.8 m, respectively. The B doses influenced the B and Mn contents, while the average macronutrient contents, in g/kg, were: N = 18.2; P= 0.7; K= 7.5; Ca=10.3; Mg=0.9; S=0.4; and of the other micronutrients, in mg/kg, were: Cu=2.7; Fe=108.9 and Zn=11.5. Cu doses did not influence growth, overall mean height, NFV, NFS, DAP and CP were 7.2 m; 12,7; 4,1; 36.7 cm and 5.5 m, respectively. The Cu levels influenced the B contents, while the average macronutrient contents, in g/kg, were: N = 18.7; P= 0.7; K= 6.8; C=10.8; Mg=1.2; S=0.5; and of the other micronutrients, in mg/kg, were: Cu=2.7; Fe=101.4; Mn=18.3 and Zn=10.7. The Zn doses influenced the NGL in the second season, the general averages of height, NGL, NSL, DBH and CP were 7.3 m; 13,3; 3,5; 35.8 cm and 5.9 m, respectively. The Zn doses did not influence the nutrient contents, whose average macronutrients, ing/kg, were: N= 17.5; P= 0.7; K= 7.2; Ca=11.2; Mg=1.1; S=0.5; and the micronutrients, in mg/kg, were: Cu=3.1; Fe=113.2; Mn= 21.9; Zn=11.7 and B=71.5. The yields of the evaluated crops were not influenced by the micronutrient doses. The evaluation of nutritional status by the CND indicated balance of B and deficiency of Cu and Zn, in their respective experiments. The response of macaúba to micronutrient fertilization was slow, with a greater effect of B and more restricted responses of Cu and Zn, in addition to a trend of more evident effects on production in later harvests. CND proved to be a relevant tool for the early diagnosis of nutritional imbalances. Keywords: micronutrients; oil palm; plant biomass; nutritional diagnosis.
The macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is a palm tree native to Tropical America with high biofuel production potential, standing out in the current scenario of energy transition. However, despite advances in research, studies are still recent and there are gaps related to management practices, such as nutritional, especially micronutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of B, Cu and Zn doses on the growth, production and nutritional status of adult macaúba plants. Three experiments were conducted with soil applications of increasing doses of B, Cu and Zn. The experimental design was in a factorial scheme with three replications. The experimental unit consisted of 3 plants, totaling 36 plants for each nutrient studied. The B doses were 0, 10, 20 and 30 g/plant/year, supplied via borax, Cu were 0, 8, 16 and 32 g/plant/year, via copper sulfate and Zn were 0, 15, 30 and 45 g/plant/year via zinc sulfate. Plant height, number of green leaves (NGL), number of senescent leaves (NSL), diameter at breast height (DBH) and canopy projection (CP) were evaluated, as well as nutrient production (fruit mass per plant) and leaf contents (9th to 13th leaf, between May and June) in the 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 seasons. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, and the contents were interpreted by the Nutritional Composition Diagnosis (CND) method. The B doses influenced the canopy projection with an increase of 0.14 m and 0.13 m for each 10 g of B added in the 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 harvests. The overall mean height, NGL, NSL, DBH and CP were 7.2 m; 13,4; 3,9; 37.3 cm and 5.8 m, respectively. The B doses influenced the B and Mn contents, while the average macronutrient contents, in g/kg, were: N = 18.2; P= 0.7; K= 7.5; Ca=10.3; Mg=0.9; S=0.4; and of the other micronutrients, in mg/kg, were: Cu=2.7; Fe=108.9 and Zn=11.5. Cu doses did not influence growth, overall mean height, NFV, NFS, DAP and CP were 7.2 m; 12,7; 4,1; 36.7 cm and 5.5 m, respectively. The Cu levels influenced the B contents, while the average macronutrient contents, in g/kg, were: N = 18.7; P= 0.7; K= 6.8; C=10.8; Mg=1.2; S=0.5; and of the other micronutrients, in mg/kg, were: Cu=2.7; Fe=101.4; Mn=18.3 and Zn=10.7. The Zn doses influenced the NGL in the second season, the general averages of height, NGL, NSL, DBH and CP were 7.3 m; 13,3; 3,5; 35.8 cm and 5.9 m, respectively. The Zn doses did not influence the nutrient contents, whose average macronutrients, ing/kg, were: N= 17.5; P= 0.7; K= 7.2; Ca=11.2; Mg=1.1; S=0.5; and the micronutrients, in mg/kg, were: Cu=3.1; Fe=113.2; Mn= 21.9; Zn=11.7 and B=71.5. The yields of the evaluated crops were not influenced by the micronutrient doses. The evaluation of nutritional status by the CND indicated balance of B and deficiency of Cu and Zn, in their respective experiments. The response of macaúba to micronutrient fertilization was slow, with a greater effect of B and more restricted responses of Cu and Zn, in addition to a trend of more evident effects on production in later harvests. CND proved to be a relevant tool for the early diagnosis of nutritional imbalances. Keywords: micronutrients; oil palm; plant biomass; nutritional diagnosis.
Description
Citation
VIDAL, Sabrina Emily Pedroso. Adubação com boro, cobre e zinco em plantas adultas de macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata): implicações no crescimento, produção e estado nutricional. 2026. 48 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
