Adesão e percepção à vacinação contra COVID-19 por alunos de uma universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais como indicativo de alfabetização científica
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
No presente trabalho buscou-se compreender, a partir de uma amostra de estudantes de uma universidade do estado de Minas Gerais, como a adesão à vacina contra a COVID-19 e a confiança nesta foram afetadas pelo conhecimento científico acerca da vacinação, além de outros aspectos, como o curso e o período matriculados dos entrevistados, gênero e fatores políticos. Para a coleta dos dados, foram aplicados questionários em turmas de calouros e veteranos dos cursos de Ciências Biológicas, de Ciências Econômicas, de Matemática e de Agronomia. O questionário incluiu diversas questões sobre gênero, curso e período matriculados, confiança vacinal, adesão vacinal, conhecimento sobre os testes clínicos das vacinas, bem como o posicionamento político dos alunos. Para análise e classificação dos dados, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, que envolveu a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Adicionalmente, foi utilizada estatística descritiva para caracterização da amostra. A maioria dos estudantes demonstrou confiança em relação às vacinas contra a COVID-19. Entre aqueles com menor confiança, observou-se que a hesitação vacinal era justificada pelo medo de efeitos colaterais, pela percepção de um desenvolvimento acelerado das vacinas e por preocupações quanto à sua eficácia. No entanto, a confiança em órgãos de saúde, na ciência e nos testes clínicos, além de um melhor conhecimento sobre as vacinas, podem ser aspectos fundamentais para combater tais sentimentos de desconfiança. Os estudantes do curso de Ciências Biológicas, mais familiarizados com o desenvolvimento das vacinas, demonstraram maior conhecimento sobre o tema e, adicionalmente, maior confiança nas vacinas. O estudo destaca que a alfabetização científica poderia ter sanado as principais justificativas para a desconfiança vacinal levantadas pelos estudantes. Porém, o conhecimento sobre vacinas não foi o único aspecto para a confiança vacinal, sugerindo que outros fatores são preponderantes para instigar a vacinação. Nesse contexto, observou-se que a orientação política dos estudantes pode ser relevante, com alunos com posicionamento político de esquerda tendendo a aceitar mais a vacinação, enquanto aqueles de direita apresentaram maior hesitação. Concluímos que, independentemente dos fatores associados à aceitação ou hesitação vacinal, a alfabetização científica pode influenciar significativamente na adesão e percepção sobre as vacinas contra a COVID-19. Dessa forma, a inclusão de temáticas científicas na grade curricular dos cursos, especialmente daqueles de fora da área de saúde, pode ser uma importante estratégia para alavancar os índices de vacinação. Em conjunto com essas intervenções, campanhas de vacinação mais robustas e voltadas especificamente às motivações mais relevantes nas decisões vacinais, como sua eficácia e níveis reduzidos de efeitos colaterais severos, também podem contribuir para resultados mais eficientes na imunização da população brasileira. Adicionalmente, organizações de pesquisa e saúde devem trabalhar para aprimorar suas imagens públicas. Por fim, é preciso salientar que políticos podem exercer influência significativa sobre seu eleitorado, devendo cumprir seus mandatos com responsabilidade e cautela, mantendo os mais elevados níveis de fidelidade à ciência e à laicidade. Palavras-chave: Confiança na vacina; Adesão à Vacina; COVID-19; Alfabetização Científica.
This study aimed to understand, based on a sample of students from a federal university in the state of Minas Gerais, how COVID-19 vaccine adherence and trust were influenced by scientific knowledge about vaccination, as well as by other factors such as the field of study of the respondents, academic period, gender, and political orientation. For data collection, questionnaires were administered in classroom settings to both first-year and senior students from the courses of Biological Sciences, Economics, Mathematics, and Agronomy. The questionnaire included various questions regarding gender, academic period, vaccine confidence, vaccine adherence, knowledge about vaccine clinical trials, and students' political orientation. For data analysis and classification, a qualitative approach was used, which involved Bardin's Content Analysis. Additionally, descriptive statistics were employed to characterize the sample. Most students demonstrated confidence in COVID-19 vaccines. Among those with lower confidence, it was observed that vaccine hesitancy was justified by fear of side effects , the perception of a rapid vaccine development, and concerns about their efficacy. However, trust in health organizations, science, and clinical trials, as well as better knowledge about vaccines, may be fundamental in combating such feelings of distrust. Biology students, who are more familiar with vaccine development, demonstrated greater knowledge about vaccination and, additionally, greater confidence in vaccines. The study highlights that scientific literacy could have addressed the main justifications for vaccine distrust raised by the students. However, knowledge about vaccines was not the only aspect influencing vaccine confidence, suggesting that other factors play a predominant role in fostering vaccination. In this context, it was observed that the political orientation of the students might be relevant, with left-wing students being more willing to accept the vaccine, while right-wing students showed greater hesitancy. We conclude that, regardless of the factors associated with vaccine acceptance or hesitancy, scientific literacy can significantly influence adherence to and perception of COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, integrating scientific topics into the curriculum, especially in non- health-related courses, could be an important strategy to boost vaccination rates. Along with these interventions, more robust vaccination campaigns specifically tailored to address the most relevant motivations behind vaccine decision-making — such as efficacy and the low incidence of severe side effects — could also contribute to more effective vaccination outcomes in Brazil. Additionally, research and health organizations should work to improve their public image. Finally, politicians can exert significant influence over their electorate and should exercise their roles with caution, maintaining the highest levels of commitment to science and secularism. Keywords: Vaccine confidence; Vaccine adherence; COVID-19; Scientific literacy.
This study aimed to understand, based on a sample of students from a federal university in the state of Minas Gerais, how COVID-19 vaccine adherence and trust were influenced by scientific knowledge about vaccination, as well as by other factors such as the field of study of the respondents, academic period, gender, and political orientation. For data collection, questionnaires were administered in classroom settings to both first-year and senior students from the courses of Biological Sciences, Economics, Mathematics, and Agronomy. The questionnaire included various questions regarding gender, academic period, vaccine confidence, vaccine adherence, knowledge about vaccine clinical trials, and students' political orientation. For data analysis and classification, a qualitative approach was used, which involved Bardin's Content Analysis. Additionally, descriptive statistics were employed to characterize the sample. Most students demonstrated confidence in COVID-19 vaccines. Among those with lower confidence, it was observed that vaccine hesitancy was justified by fear of side effects , the perception of a rapid vaccine development, and concerns about their efficacy. However, trust in health organizations, science, and clinical trials, as well as better knowledge about vaccines, may be fundamental in combating such feelings of distrust. Biology students, who are more familiar with vaccine development, demonstrated greater knowledge about vaccination and, additionally, greater confidence in vaccines. The study highlights that scientific literacy could have addressed the main justifications for vaccine distrust raised by the students. However, knowledge about vaccines was not the only aspect influencing vaccine confidence, suggesting that other factors play a predominant role in fostering vaccination. In this context, it was observed that the political orientation of the students might be relevant, with left-wing students being more willing to accept the vaccine, while right-wing students showed greater hesitancy. We conclude that, regardless of the factors associated with vaccine acceptance or hesitancy, scientific literacy can significantly influence adherence to and perception of COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, integrating scientific topics into the curriculum, especially in non- health-related courses, could be an important strategy to boost vaccination rates. Along with these interventions, more robust vaccination campaigns specifically tailored to address the most relevant motivations behind vaccine decision-making — such as efficacy and the low incidence of severe side effects — could also contribute to more effective vaccination outcomes in Brazil. Additionally, research and health organizations should work to improve their public image. Finally, politicians can exert significant influence over their electorate and should exercise their roles with caution, maintaining the highest levels of commitment to science and secularism. Keywords: Vaccine confidence; Vaccine adherence; COVID-19; Scientific literacy.
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Citation
ROOKE, Caroline Itagiba. Adesão e percepção à vacinação contra COVID-19 por alunos de uma universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais como indicativo de alfabetização científica. 2025. 105 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Educação em Ciências e Matemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
