Uso de grãos secos de destilaria na suplementação de bezerros de corte lactentes
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2024-09-10
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da substituição do farelo de milho e soja pelos grãos secos de destilaria (DDG) sobre o desempenho produtivo, o metabolismo e as características nutricionais de bezerros de corte lactentes em pastagens tropicais. Foram utilizados 48 bezerros lactentes da raça Nelore (30 machos e 18 fêmeas) com idade média de 120 ± 35 dias e peso corporal médio inicial de 135 ± 23,4 kg, provenientes de vacas multíparas com idade e peso vivo médio de 5 anos e 480 ± 51,5 kg. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos, 4 repetições/tratamento e 12 unidades observacionais/tratamento. Os bezerros e suas respectivas mães foram mantidos em pastagem e receberam um dos seguintes: suplementação apenas com mistura mineral ad libitum (CONT); suplementação concentrada (225 g.kg-¹ de proteína bruta) com substituição de 0% (SUP0), 48,4% (SUP48,4) ou 96,8% (SUP96,8) de milho e farelo de soja por DDG, ofertado na quantidade de 6g.kg-¹ PC. Amostras de forragem foram coletadas para determinação da composição química, da disponibilidade de matéria seca (MS) e da MS potencialmente digestível (MSpd)/ha. Os animais foram avaliados quanto ao consumo, digestibilidade aparente, utilizando dois indicadores externos: óxido crômico (Cr2O3) via infusão diretamente no esôfago, e dióxido de titânio (TiO2) fornecido via suplemento, peso corporal final (PCFb) e ganho médio diário (GMD). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas ao final do período experimental para análises de proteínas totais (PT), globulinas (GLO), albumina (ALB), glicose (GLI), nitrogênio ureico sanguíneo (NUS) e o fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina tipo 1 (IGF-1). Foram coletadas imagens de ultrassonografia de carcaça para determinação da área de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutânea do lombo (EGSl) e espessura de gordura subcutânea da garupa (EGSg) imediatamente após a coleta de sangue. Os dados foram submetidos aos procedimentos estatísticos PROC MIXED do Statistical Analysis System 9.4 (SAS Institute, Inc). O efeito de sexo foi usado apenas como medida de ajuste, adotando-se a = 0,10 como nível crítico para probabilidade de ocorrência do erro tipo I. O consumo de MS, PB, CNF, NDT (P<0,001) e a relação PB:MOD (P=0,062) foram maior para os bezerros que receberam suplementação concentrada. Houve efeito linear decrescente para os consumos de MS (P=0,043), CNF (P<0,001), NDT (P=0,043) e efeito linear crescente para PB:MOD (P=0,054), com a substituição de milho e farelo de soja por DDG. A digestibilidade de MS, PB, CNF e NDT (P <0,10) foi maior para os animais que receberam suplementação concentrada. Observou-se resposta linear decrescente para a digestibilidade de MS (P=0,035), PB (P=0,094) e CNF (P=0,010) com a inclusão de DDG. As concentrações de glicose (P=0,048), IGF-1 (P=0,010) e NUS (P<0,001) foram maiores para os animais que receberam suplementação concentrada, com efeito linear positivo para a concentração de GLO (P=0,067) e efeito quadrático de ALB (P=0,061) com o aumento da proporção de DDG na dieta. Os bezerros que receberam suplementação concentrada apresentaram maior (PCFb), (GMD) e (AOL) (P<0,001) em relação aos animais do tratamento controle. O DDG pode substituir os ingredientes tradicionais, como farelo de milho e farelo de soja, sem impactar negativamente o ganho de peso de bezerros de corte lactentes em pastagens tropicais. Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento animal; crescimento ósseo; creep-feeding.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing corn and soybean meal with distillers' dried grains (DDG) on the productive performance, metabolism, and nutritional characteristics of suckling beef calves on tropical pastures. Forty-eight suckling Nellore calves (30 males and 18 females) with an average age of 120 ± 35 days and an average initial body weight of 135 ± 23.4 kg, from multiparous cows with an average age and live weight of 5 years and 480 ± 51.5 kg, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 treatments, 4 replicates/treatment and 12 observational units/treatment. Calves and their respective mothers were kept on pasture and received one of the following: supplementation with mineral mixture only ad libitum (CONT); concentrate supplementation (225 g.kg-¹ of crude protein) with replacement of 0% (SUP0), 48.4% (SUP48.4) or 96.8% (SUP96.8) of corn and soybean meal by DDG, offered in the amount of 6 g.kg-¹ BW. Forage samples were collected to determine the chemical composition, dry matter (DM) availability and potentially digestible DM (MSpd)/ha. The animals were evaluated for intake, apparent digestibility, using two external indicators: chromic oxide (Cr2O3) via infusion directly into the esophagus, and titanium dioxide (TiO2) provided via supplement, final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG). Blood samples were collected at the end of the experimental period for analyses of total protein (TP), globulins (GLO), albumin (ALB), glucose (GLI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Carcass ultrasound images were collected to determine the loin eye area (LOA), loin subcutaneous fat thickness (LSF) and rump subcutaneous fat thickness (LSF) immediately after blood collection. The data were submitted to the PROC MIXED statistical procedures of the Statistical Analysis System 9.4 (SAS Institute, Inc). The sex effect was used only as an adjustment measure, adopting a = 0.10 as the critical level for the probability of occurrence of type I error. The intake of DM, CP, NFC, TDN (P<0.001) and the CP:MOD ratio (P=0.062) were higher for calves that received concentrate supplementation. There was a decreasing linear effect for the intakes of DM (P=0.043), NFC (P<0.001), TDN (P=0.043) and an increasing linear effect for CP:MOD (P=0.054), with the replacement of corn and soybean meal by DDG. The digestibility of DM, CP, NFC and TDN (P<0.10) was higher for animals that received concentrate supplementation. A decreasing linear response was observed for the digestibility of DM (P=0.035), CP (P=0.094) and CNF (P=0.010) with the inclusion of DDG. The concentrations of glucose (P=0.048), IGF-1 (P=0.010) and NUS (P<0.001) were higher for animals that received concentrate supplementation, with a positive linear effect for the concentration of GLO (P=0.067) and a quadratic effect of ALB (P=0.061) with the increase in the proportion of DDG in the diet. Calves that received concentrate supplementation had higher (PCFb), (ADG) and (AOL) (P<0.001) compared to animals in the control treatment. DDG can replace traditional ingredients, such as corn bran and soybean bran, without negatively impacting the weight gain of suckling beef calves on tropical pastures. Keywords: animal development; bone growth; creep-feeding.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing corn and soybean meal with distillers' dried grains (DDG) on the productive performance, metabolism, and nutritional characteristics of suckling beef calves on tropical pastures. Forty-eight suckling Nellore calves (30 males and 18 females) with an average age of 120 ± 35 days and an average initial body weight of 135 ± 23.4 kg, from multiparous cows with an average age and live weight of 5 years and 480 ± 51.5 kg, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 treatments, 4 replicates/treatment and 12 observational units/treatment. Calves and their respective mothers were kept on pasture and received one of the following: supplementation with mineral mixture only ad libitum (CONT); concentrate supplementation (225 g.kg-¹ of crude protein) with replacement of 0% (SUP0), 48.4% (SUP48.4) or 96.8% (SUP96.8) of corn and soybean meal by DDG, offered in the amount of 6 g.kg-¹ BW. Forage samples were collected to determine the chemical composition, dry matter (DM) availability and potentially digestible DM (MSpd)/ha. The animals were evaluated for intake, apparent digestibility, using two external indicators: chromic oxide (Cr2O3) via infusion directly into the esophagus, and titanium dioxide (TiO2) provided via supplement, final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG). Blood samples were collected at the end of the experimental period for analyses of total protein (TP), globulins (GLO), albumin (ALB), glucose (GLI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Carcass ultrasound images were collected to determine the loin eye area (LOA), loin subcutaneous fat thickness (LSF) and rump subcutaneous fat thickness (LSF) immediately after blood collection. The data were submitted to the PROC MIXED statistical procedures of the Statistical Analysis System 9.4 (SAS Institute, Inc). The sex effect was used only as an adjustment measure, adopting a = 0.10 as the critical level for the probability of occurrence of type I error. The intake of DM, CP, NFC, TDN (P<0.001) and the CP:MOD ratio (P=0.062) were higher for calves that received concentrate supplementation. There was a decreasing linear effect for the intakes of DM (P=0.043), NFC (P<0.001), TDN (P=0.043) and an increasing linear effect for CP:MOD (P=0.054), with the replacement of corn and soybean meal by DDG. The digestibility of DM, CP, NFC and TDN (P<0.10) was higher for animals that received concentrate supplementation. A decreasing linear response was observed for the digestibility of DM (P=0.035), CP (P=0.094) and CNF (P=0.010) with the inclusion of DDG. The concentrations of glucose (P=0.048), IGF-1 (P=0.010) and NUS (P<0.001) were higher for animals that received concentrate supplementation, with a positive linear effect for the concentration of GLO (P=0.067) and a quadratic effect of ALB (P=0.061) with the increase in the proportion of DDG in the diet. Calves that received concentrate supplementation had higher (PCFb), (ADG) and (AOL) (P<0.001) compared to animals in the control treatment. DDG can replace traditional ingredients, such as corn bran and soybean bran, without negatively impacting the weight gain of suckling beef calves on tropical pastures. Keywords: animal development; bone growth; creep-feeding.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bovinos de corte - Alimentação e rações, Bovinos de corte - Nutrição, Suplementos nutricionais, Bovinos de corte - Registros de desempenho
Citação
ALMEIDA, Edinael Rodrigues de. Uso de grãos secos de destilaria na suplementação de bezerros de corte lactentes. 2024. 28 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.