Capacidade combinatória visando piramidação de genes que conferem resistência à doenças, atributos de qualidade e produção
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é um dos principais produtos agrícolas brasileiro e a segunda hortaliça mais consumida mundialmente, chegando a 180 milhões de toneladas ao ano. No entanto, a cultura apresenta grandes perdas na produção, sendo um dos motivos a vulnerabilidade aos patógenos. Visando atenuar esse problema, os programas de melhoramento têm buscado o desenvolvimento de novas linhas com genes que conferem resistência a planta. Esta pesquisa objetivou explorar a capacidade geral de combinatória (CGC) de linhagens de tomate italiano com genes de resistência aos principais patógenos que afetam a cultura do tomateiro, e avaliar as combinações hibridas através da capacidade especifica de combinação (CEC). O experimento foi conduzido na Unidade de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (UEPE – Horta Velha) em Viçosa-MG. Os genótipos utilizados nesta pesquisa foram submetidos a genotipagem através de marcadores moleculares para conferir a presença de genes de resistência. Assim, foram escolhidas 09 linhagens para formar um dialelo parcial 4x5, sendo definidos os genitores masculino e feminino mediante sorteio para a realização dos cruzamentos e obtenção das sementes híbridas. Posteriormente, foi montado um delineamento em blocos casualizados para avaliação dos caracteres agronômicos das linhagens, híbridos e da testemunha. A qualidade dos frutos foi verificada no Laboratório de Manejo de Recursos Genéticos da UFV, considerando as variáveis pH, Brixº, tamanho de fruto, coloração, número de lóculos, acidez titulável, firmeza e viscosidade. Como análise estatística, foram adotadas as análises de variância, dialélica e o teste de Dunnett para comparação de médias, além da verificação das correlações genotípicas e fenotípicas entre as variáveis. A ANOVA revelou diferenças significativas a 1% e 5% pelo teste F para os tratamentos, com exceção das variáveis pH, luminosidade e eixo verde/vermelho do fruto. A exploração da CGC mostrou que os genitores possuem estimativas altas, positivas e significativas para o desenvolvimento de caracteres de interesse, demostrando a predominância do efeito gênico aditivo para as linhas. Os híbridos obtiveram resultados próximo ou superior aos genitores e testemunha, sendo confirmado pelo teste de médias. Conclui- se que para a característica de Brixº, tamanho de fruto, número de frutos por planta e peso médio de fruto, os melhores híbridos são o 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, 15, 17 e 20. Palavras-chave: Tomateiro. Genotipagem. Resistência. Híbridos. Dialelo. Produtividade.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the main agricultural products in Brazil and the second most consumed vegetable worldwide, reaching 180 million tons per year. However, the crop presents large production losses, one of the reasons being its vulnerability to pathogens. In order to mitigate this problem, breeding programs have sought to develop new lines with genes that confer resistance to the plant. This research aimed to explore the general combining ability (GCA) of Italian tomato lines with genes for resistance to the main pathogens that affect tomato crops, and to evaluate the hybrid combinations through the specific combining ability (SCA). The experiment was conducted at the Teaching, Research and Extension Unit (UEPE – Horta Velha) in Viçosa-MG. The genotypes used in this research were subjected to genotyping through molecular markers to check for the presence of resistance genes. Thus, nine lines were chosen to form a 4x5 partial diallel, and the male and female parents were defined by drawing lots to perform the crosses and obtain the hybrid seeds. Subsequently, a randomized block design was set up to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of the lines, hybrids and the control. The quality of the fruits was verified at the Genetic Resources Management Laboratory of UFV, considering the variables pH, Brixº, fruit size, color, number of locules, titratable acidity, firmness and viscosity. As statistical analysis, the analyses of variance, diallel and Dunnett's test were adopted to compare means, in addition to verifying the genotypic and phenotypic correlations between the variables. The ANOVA revealed significant differences at 1% and 5% by the F test for the treatments, with the exception of the variables pH, luminosity and green/red axis of the fruit. The CGC exploration showed that the parents have high, positive and significant estimates for the development of traits of interest, demonstrating the predominance of the additive genetic effect for the lines. The hybrids obtained results close to or better than the parents and control, which was confirmed by the average test. It is concluded that for the Brixº, fruit size, number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight, the best hybrids are 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, 15, 17 and 20. Keywords: Tomato. Genotyping. Resistance. Hybrids. Diallel. Productivity.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the main agricultural products in Brazil and the second most consumed vegetable worldwide, reaching 180 million tons per year. However, the crop presents large production losses, one of the reasons being its vulnerability to pathogens. In order to mitigate this problem, breeding programs have sought to develop new lines with genes that confer resistance to the plant. This research aimed to explore the general combining ability (GCA) of Italian tomato lines with genes for resistance to the main pathogens that affect tomato crops, and to evaluate the hybrid combinations through the specific combining ability (SCA). The experiment was conducted at the Teaching, Research and Extension Unit (UEPE – Horta Velha) in Viçosa-MG. The genotypes used in this research were subjected to genotyping through molecular markers to check for the presence of resistance genes. Thus, nine lines were chosen to form a 4x5 partial diallel, and the male and female parents were defined by drawing lots to perform the crosses and obtain the hybrid seeds. Subsequently, a randomized block design was set up to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of the lines, hybrids and the control. The quality of the fruits was verified at the Genetic Resources Management Laboratory of UFV, considering the variables pH, Brixº, fruit size, color, number of locules, titratable acidity, firmness and viscosity. As statistical analysis, the analyses of variance, diallel and Dunnett's test were adopted to compare means, in addition to verifying the genotypic and phenotypic correlations between the variables. The ANOVA revealed significant differences at 1% and 5% by the F test for the treatments, with the exception of the variables pH, luminosity and green/red axis of the fruit. The CGC exploration showed that the parents have high, positive and significant estimates for the development of traits of interest, demonstrating the predominance of the additive genetic effect for the lines. The hybrids obtained results close to or better than the parents and control, which was confirmed by the average test. It is concluded that for the Brixº, fruit size, number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight, the best hybrids are 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, 15, 17 and 20. Keywords: Tomato. Genotyping. Resistance. Hybrids. Diallel. Productivity.
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MENDES, Tâmara Kely da Conceição. Capacidade combinatória visando piramidação de genes que conferem resistência à doenças, atributos de qualidade e produção. 2024. 72 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
