Alocação de carbono e de macronutrientes e eficiência nutricional em clones de palma de óleo na fase de pré-viveiro
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A produção de mudas e a obtenção de elevados níveis de produtividade da cultura da palma de óleo em harmonia com a racionalização no uso de recursos dependem da eficiência nutricional, que pode variar com o material genético. Neste trabalho,avaliaram-se materiais genéticos da palma de óleo, na fase de pré-viveiro, cujos objetivos foram: 1) avaliar a alocação de carbono e de macronutrientes nos diferentes compartimentos da parte aérea e no sistema radicular;11) avaliar a eficiência nutricional (aquisição e utilização) de clones de palma de óleo quanto aos macronutrientes; 111) estimar a demanda nutricional dos três clones de palma de óleo e o requerimento de nutrientes para a obtenção de mudas com qualidade superior. Para isso foram utilizados três materiais genéticos clonais (AM-21, AM-23 e PL-10), dispostos em delineamento blocos casualizados com quatro repetições; sendo 16 unidades experimentais por clone, totalizando 192 unidades. Cada unidade experimental foi constituída de um saco plástico contendo substrato (60 % de terriço- constituído por solo próximo das florestas, e 40 % de resíduo orgânico industrial - restos vegetais de frutos) com uma plântula clonal. As plântulas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em canteiros e aclimatadas no pré-viveiro. Ao término do experimento, após 120 d, foram determinados os parâmetros de crescimento da parte aérea e raízes, alocação de carbono e macronutrientes, eficiência de absorção e uso dos macronutrientes. Os materiais genéticos diferem entre si quanto à produção de matéria seca dos compartimentos vegetais e segue a ordem crescente AM-21 < PL-10 < AM-23. De maneira geral os clones não se diferenciaram quanto à alocação de carbono para os componentes da planta, sendo, em média, de: 49,74 % para folhas, 34,00 % para caule e 16,26 % para raízes. Quanto à alocação de macronutrientes nos compartimentos das mudas, as folhas exibiram maiores acúmulos em comparação com o caule e as raízes. Para a eficiência de absorção, o clone AM-21 foi superior a absorção de P enquanto para K, o clone AM-23 foi superior. Para a eficiência de utilização, o PL-10 foi o material genético que mais se destacou, principalmente no compartimento parte aérea, sendo superior a utilização dos nutrientes N, P e S. A estimativa de demanda nutricional para as mudas de qualidade superior foi variável para cada material genético e apresentou diferentes valores de requerimento e demanda para os macronutrientes avaliados. As diferenças entre os três clones identificadas neste trabalho são Importantes para os estudos de melhoramento dos "clones elites” assim como para os estudos de recomendação e uso eficiente de nutrientes para palma de óleo nas diferentes fases de plantio.
The production of seedlings and the achievement of high levels of productivity of the oil palm culture in harmony with the rationalization in the use of resources depend on nutritional efficiency, which can vary with the genetic material. In this work, genetic materials from the oil palm were evaluated, in the pre-nursery phase, whose objectives were: 1) to evaluate the allocation of carbon and macronutrients 1n the different compartments of the shoot and 1n the root system; 11) to evaluate the nutritional efficiency (acquisition and use) of oil palm clones regarding macronutrients; 111) estimate the nutritional demand of the three oil palm clones and the requirement for nutrients to obtain higher quality seediimngs. For this, three clonal genetic materials were used (AM-21, AM-23 and PL-10), arranged in a randomized block design with four replications; 16 experimental units per clone, totaling 192 units. Each experimental unit consisted of a plastic bag containing substrate mix (60% of soil - consisting of soil close to the forests, and 40% of industrial organic waste - vegetable remains of fruits) with a clonal seedling. Seedlings were randomly distributed in beds and acclimated mn the pre-nursery. At the end of the experiment, after 120 days, the growth parameters of the shoot and roots, carbon and macronutrient allocation, absorption efficiency and use of macronutrients were determined. Genetic materials differ from each other in terms of dry matter production in plant compartments and follow the increasing order AM-21 <PL-10 <AM-23. In general, the clones did not differ mm terms of carbon allocation for plant components, being, on average, 49.74% for leaves, 34.00% for stem and 16.26% for roots. As for the allocation of macronutrients mm the seedling compartments, the leaves showed greater accumulations compared to the stem and roots. For absorption efficiency, clone AM-21 was superior for P absorption whereas for K, clone AM-23 was superior. For the efficiency of use, PL-10 was the genetic material that stood out the most, mainly in the shoot compartment, with the use of nutrients N, P and S being higher. The estimate of nutritional demand for higher quality seedlings was variable for each genetic material and presented different requirement and demand values for the evaluated macronutrients. The differences between the three clones identified m this work are important for studies of improvement of "elite clones” as well as for studies of recommendation and efficient use of nutrients for oil palm mm the different planting phases.
The production of seedlings and the achievement of high levels of productivity of the oil palm culture in harmony with the rationalization in the use of resources depend on nutritional efficiency, which can vary with the genetic material. In this work, genetic materials from the oil palm were evaluated, in the pre-nursery phase, whose objectives were: 1) to evaluate the allocation of carbon and macronutrients 1n the different compartments of the shoot and 1n the root system; 11) to evaluate the nutritional efficiency (acquisition and use) of oil palm clones regarding macronutrients; 111) estimate the nutritional demand of the three oil palm clones and the requirement for nutrients to obtain higher quality seediimngs. For this, three clonal genetic materials were used (AM-21, AM-23 and PL-10), arranged in a randomized block design with four replications; 16 experimental units per clone, totaling 192 units. Each experimental unit consisted of a plastic bag containing substrate mix (60% of soil - consisting of soil close to the forests, and 40% of industrial organic waste - vegetable remains of fruits) with a clonal seedling. Seedlings were randomly distributed in beds and acclimated mn the pre-nursery. At the end of the experiment, after 120 days, the growth parameters of the shoot and roots, carbon and macronutrient allocation, absorption efficiency and use of macronutrients were determined. Genetic materials differ from each other in terms of dry matter production in plant compartments and follow the increasing order AM-21 <PL-10 <AM-23. In general, the clones did not differ mm terms of carbon allocation for plant components, being, on average, 49.74% for leaves, 34.00% for stem and 16.26% for roots. As for the allocation of macronutrients mm the seedling compartments, the leaves showed greater accumulations compared to the stem and roots. For absorption efficiency, clone AM-21 was superior for P absorption whereas for K, clone AM-23 was superior. For the efficiency of use, PL-10 was the genetic material that stood out the most, mainly in the shoot compartment, with the use of nutrients N, P and S being higher. The estimate of nutritional demand for higher quality seedlings was variable for each genetic material and presented different requirement and demand values for the evaluated macronutrients. The differences between the three clones identified m this work are important for studies of improvement of "elite clones” as well as for studies of recommendation and efficient use of nutrients for oil palm mm the different planting phases.
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ALEXANDRE, Jaqueline do Carmo. Alocação de carbono e de macronutrientes e eficiência nutricional em clones de palma de óleo na fase de pré-viveiro. 2018. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2018.
