Caracterização e otimização da produção do bacteriófago lítico vB_EcoM_UFV09
Data
2019-02-26
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Bacteriófagos, ou fagos, são vírus que infectam bactérias. Logo após serem descritos, esses organismos já eram usados no tratamento contra bactérias patogênicas, o que chamamos de fagoterapia. Porém, com a descoberta da penicilina no final dos anos 30, a utilização dos bacteriófagos na clínica médica foi perdendo a força até ser praticamente esquecido. O recente aumento de cepas bacterianas resistentes à antibióticos fez com que a fagoterapia voltasse a surgir como alternativa no tratamento de doenças bacterianas. Outra importante aplicação dos bacteriófagos é contra os biofilmes bacterianos. Dentre as enzimas fágicas com importante potencial contra os biofilmes estão as hidrolases do tipo depolimerases, e as lisinas. Sendo assim, o estudo envolvendo bacteriófagos ultrapassa a aplicação médica e começa a ser considerado para contextos mais amplos, em escala ambiental. Uma das principais limitações do uso de bacteriófagos em sistemas ambientais é a quantidade exponencialmente maior de partículas virais do que se é produzido normalmente em laboratório. Estudos e metodologias que visam otimizar e tornar economicamente viável a produção de bacteriófagos em larga escala são de extrema importância e representam uma demanda crescente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar de forma morfológica e genômica o fago vB_EcoM_UFV09, que foi isolado a partir de amostras de esgoto, utilizando-se uma estirpe de bactéria Escherichia coli como hospedeira e analisar seu potencial na fagoterapia. Além disso, foi avaliado o impacto dos parâmetros de cultivo: temperatura, tempo de incubação, agitação e Multiplicity of Infection (MOI), na produção viral, comparando-se os resultados obtidos em meio mínimo M9 suplementado com seis fontes de carbono diferentes (acetato, ácido lático, piruvato, glicerol, succinato e glicose) e em meio rico Luria Bertani (LB). Nossos resultados demonstraram que o isolado pertence à família Myoviridae, mais especificamente ao gênero T4. A ausência de genes de patogenicidade e de resistência à antibióticos no genoma do vB_EcoM_UFV09, assim como a lise obrigatória da célula bacteriana após a infecção viral, são características promissoras para a utilização desse fago no controle do crescimento de estirpes da bactéria Escherichia coli. Além disso, a avaliação do impacto das variáveis de cultivo na produção da progênie viral demonstrou que fontes de carbono como succinato, glicose e LB proporcionam condições fisiológicas mais estáveis para a produção fago vB_EcoM_UFV09 em larga escala.
Soon after being described, these organisms were already used in the treatment against pathogenic bacteria, what we call phage therapy. However, with the discovery of penicillin in the late 1930s, the use of bacteriophage in medical clinic was losing its strength until it was virtually forgotten. It was the recent increase in bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics that made phage therapy reborn like an alternative in the treatment of bacterial diseases. Another important application of bacteriophages is against bacterial biofilms. Among the phage enzymes with significant biotechnological potential against biofilms are hydrolyses of the type depolymerases, that acts directly on EPS degradation, and lysines, which act on the peptideglycane. Thus, the study involving bacteriophages surpasses the medical application and begins to be considered for broader contexts, on an environmental scale. However, the major limitations bacteriophages use in environmental systems are the exponentially greater number of viral particles than is normally produced in laboratories. Thus, studies and methodologies aimed at optimizing and making economically viable the production of bacteriophages on a large scale are extremely important and represent a growing demand. The objective of this work was to characterize the phage vB_EcoM_UFV09, which was isolated from sewage samples, using a strain of bacteria Escherichia coli as host and to analyze its potential in phage therapy. In addition, the impact of culture parameters: temperature, incubation time, agitation and Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) on viral production were evaluated, comparing the results obtained in M9 minimal medium supplemented with six different carbon sources (acetate , lactic acid, pyruvate, glycerol, succinate and glucose) and rich media Luria Bertani (LB). Our results demonstrated that the isolate belongs to the Myoviridae family, more specifically to the T4 genus. The absence of pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance genes in the vB_EcoM_UFV09 genome, as well as compulsory lysis of the bacterial cell after viral infection, are promising features for the use of such phage in controlling the growth of Escherichia coli strains. In addition, the evaluation of the impact of culture variables on the production of viral progeny has shown that carbon sources such as succinate, glucose and LB provide more stable physiological conditions for vB_EcoM_UFV09 phage production on a large scale.
Soon after being described, these organisms were already used in the treatment against pathogenic bacteria, what we call phage therapy. However, with the discovery of penicillin in the late 1930s, the use of bacteriophage in medical clinic was losing its strength until it was virtually forgotten. It was the recent increase in bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics that made phage therapy reborn like an alternative in the treatment of bacterial diseases. Another important application of bacteriophages is against bacterial biofilms. Among the phage enzymes with significant biotechnological potential against biofilms are hydrolyses of the type depolymerases, that acts directly on EPS degradation, and lysines, which act on the peptideglycane. Thus, the study involving bacteriophages surpasses the medical application and begins to be considered for broader contexts, on an environmental scale. However, the major limitations bacteriophages use in environmental systems are the exponentially greater number of viral particles than is normally produced in laboratories. Thus, studies and methodologies aimed at optimizing and making economically viable the production of bacteriophages on a large scale are extremely important and represent a growing demand. The objective of this work was to characterize the phage vB_EcoM_UFV09, which was isolated from sewage samples, using a strain of bacteria Escherichia coli as host and to analyze its potential in phage therapy. In addition, the impact of culture parameters: temperature, incubation time, agitation and Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) on viral production were evaluated, comparing the results obtained in M9 minimal medium supplemented with six different carbon sources (acetate , lactic acid, pyruvate, glycerol, succinate and glucose) and rich media Luria Bertani (LB). Our results demonstrated that the isolate belongs to the Myoviridae family, more specifically to the T4 genus. The absence of pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance genes in the vB_EcoM_UFV09 genome, as well as compulsory lysis of the bacterial cell after viral infection, are promising features for the use of such phage in controlling the growth of Escherichia coli strains. In addition, the evaluation of the impact of culture variables on the production of viral progeny has shown that carbon sources such as succinate, glucose and LB provide more stable physiological conditions for vB_EcoM_UFV09 phage production on a large scale.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bacteriófagos, Otimização matemática, Bactérias redutoras de sulfato
Citação
SILVA, Jéssica Duarte. Caracterização e otimização da produção do bacteriófago lítico vB_EcoM_UFV09. 2019. 53 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.