Segurança alimentar e nutricional e políticas públicas: arranjos institucionais na implementação das compras da agricultura familiar no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Esta tese analisou a influência dos arranjos institucionais na implementação das compras da agricultura familiar no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), articulando a produção científica sobre segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN) de crianças e adolescentes à investigação empírica do programa em um município mineiro. A pesquisa foi estruturada em três eixos complementares. O primeiro consistiu em uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional e internacional sobre SAN de crianças e adolescentes no âmbito das políticas públicas, visando mapear e caracterizar a produção científica recente. Os resultados reafirmaram o caráter multidimensional da SAN, destacando como principais barreiras o acesso econômico restrito, a baixa escolaridade materna e as desigualdades estruturais de renda e infraestrutura. As repercussões da insegurança alimentar e nutricional envolvem prejuízos cognitivos, maior absenteísmo e baixo rendimento escolar, reforçando a necessidade de políticas intersetoriais que articulem saúde, educação e agricultura. O segundo eixo dedicou-se à reconstituição da trajetória normativo- institucional do PNAE, com ênfase na consolidação de sua abordagem intersetorial e na vinculação com a agricultura familiar. A análise de leis, decretos e resoluções evidenciou a transformação do programa de uma política assistencialista e centralizada em uma política estruturante de SAN. A Lei nº 11.947/2009 representou uma inflexão paradigmática ao estabelecer a obrigatoriedade da aquisição direta da agricultura familiar. Entretanto, sua implementação permanece condicionada por assimetrias federativas, disputas políticas locais e pela complexidade da articulação entre diferentes áreas governamentais. O terceiro eixo, de natureza empírica e qualitativa, consistiu em um estudo de caso no município de Viçosa (MG), que analisou a influência dos arranjos institucionais na implementação das compras da agricultura familiar no PNAE a partir das dimensões de coordenação federativa, intersetorialidade, territorialidade e participação social. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com atores-chave dos dois modelos de gestão adotados simultaneamente no município: o municipalizado, executado pela Prefeitura para a rede municipal, e o escolarizado, conduzido pelas escolas da rede estadual. A análise comparativa demonstrou que os arranjos institucionais influenciam diretamente a implementação das compras. O modelo municipalizado mostrou-se mais eficaz na integração entre oferta local, agilidade decisória e articulação intersetorial, enquanto o escolarizado, embora apresente inovações, como chamadas públicas unificadas, enfrenta maiores dificuldades de coordenação e fragmentação de responsabilidades. Ambos os modelos compartilham desafios, como capacidade institucional deficitária, especialmente no quadro de nutricionistas; atuação formalista e limitada dos Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar (CAE); baixa diversificação produtiva; problemas logísticos e de aceitabilidade dos alimentos. A pesquisa evidencia que a efetividade do PNAE não depende apenas do arcabouço normativo, mas da capacidade dos entes subnacionais de promover territorialização e controle social substantivo. Reforça-se, assim, a necessidade de fortalecimento institucional, suporte técnico aos agricultores e investimentos em formação e participação social. Conclui-se que o PNAE possui elevado potencial para contribuir para a garantia da SAN ao articular alimentação escolar e compras da agricultura familiar. Contudo, esse potencial depende de arranjos institucionais capazes de coordenar diferentes níveis de governo e setores, territorializar as ações, articular os atores envolvidos e assegurar participação social substantiva. Palavras-chave: segurança alimentar e nutricional; compras públicas da agricultura familiar; arranjos institucionais
This thesis analyzed the influence of institutional arrangements on the implementation of family farming procurement within the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), linking scientific literature on the food and nutritional security (FNS) of children and adolescents with empirical research on the program in a municipality in Minas Gerais. The research was structured around three complementary axes. The first consisted of an integrative review of national and international literature regarding the FNS of children and adolescents within the scope of public policy, aiming to map and characterize recent scientific output. The results reaffirmed the multidimensional nature of FNS, highlighting restricted economic access, low maternal education levels, and structural inequalities in income and infrastructure as key barriers. The consequences of food and nutritional insecurity include cognitive impairment, increased absenteeism, and poor academic performance, reinforcing the need for intersectoral policies that coordinate health, education, and agriculture. The second axis focused on reconstructing the normative-institutional trajectory of the PNAE, emphasizing the consolidation of its intersectoral approach and its link to family farming. An analysis of laws, decrees, and resolutions revealed the program's transformation from a centralized, welfare-oriented policy into a structural FNS policy. Law No. 11.947/2009 marked a paradigm shift by mandating direct procurement from family farms. However, its implementation remains constrained by federal asymmetries, local political disputes, and the complexity of coordinating different government sectors. The third axis, empirical and qualitative in nature, comprised a case study in the municipality of Viçosa (MG) that analyzed how institutional arrangements influence family farming procurement under the PNAE, examining the dimensions of federal coordination, intersectorality, territoriality, and social participation. In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders involved in the two management models simultaneously adopted in the municipality: the "municipalized" model, executed by the City Hall for the municipal school network, and the "school-based" model, managed by state-run schools. Comparative analysis demonstrated that institutional arrangements directly influence procurement implementation. The municipalized model proved more effective in integrating local supply, decision-making agility, and intersectoral coordination; conversely, the school-based model—despite featuring innovations such as unified public calls—faces greater challenges regarding coordination and the fragmentation of responsibilities. Both models share common challenges, such as insufficient institutional capacity (particularly regarding the number of nutritionists), the limited and overly formalistic role of School Feeding Councils (CAE), low production diversity, and issues related to logistics and food acceptability. The research highlights that the effectiveness of the PNAE depends not only on the regulatory framework but also on the capacity of subnational entities to foster territorialization and substantive social oversight. This underscores the need for institutional strengthening, technical support for farmers, and investment in training and social participation. The study concludes that the PNAE holds significant potential to contribute to ensuring Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) by linking school meals with procurement from family farming. However, realizing this potential depends on institutional arrangements capable of coordinating different levels of government and sectors, territorializing actions, aligning the various stakeholders involved, and ensuring substantive social participation. Keywords: food and nutrition security; public procurement from family farming; institutional arrangements
This thesis analyzed the influence of institutional arrangements on the implementation of family farming procurement within the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), linking scientific literature on the food and nutritional security (FNS) of children and adolescents with empirical research on the program in a municipality in Minas Gerais. The research was structured around three complementary axes. The first consisted of an integrative review of national and international literature regarding the FNS of children and adolescents within the scope of public policy, aiming to map and characterize recent scientific output. The results reaffirmed the multidimensional nature of FNS, highlighting restricted economic access, low maternal education levels, and structural inequalities in income and infrastructure as key barriers. The consequences of food and nutritional insecurity include cognitive impairment, increased absenteeism, and poor academic performance, reinforcing the need for intersectoral policies that coordinate health, education, and agriculture. The second axis focused on reconstructing the normative-institutional trajectory of the PNAE, emphasizing the consolidation of its intersectoral approach and its link to family farming. An analysis of laws, decrees, and resolutions revealed the program's transformation from a centralized, welfare-oriented policy into a structural FNS policy. Law No. 11.947/2009 marked a paradigm shift by mandating direct procurement from family farms. However, its implementation remains constrained by federal asymmetries, local political disputes, and the complexity of coordinating different government sectors. The third axis, empirical and qualitative in nature, comprised a case study in the municipality of Viçosa (MG) that analyzed how institutional arrangements influence family farming procurement under the PNAE, examining the dimensions of federal coordination, intersectorality, territoriality, and social participation. In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders involved in the two management models simultaneously adopted in the municipality: the "municipalized" model, executed by the City Hall for the municipal school network, and the "school-based" model, managed by state-run schools. Comparative analysis demonstrated that institutional arrangements directly influence procurement implementation. The municipalized model proved more effective in integrating local supply, decision-making agility, and intersectoral coordination; conversely, the school-based model—despite featuring innovations such as unified public calls—faces greater challenges regarding coordination and the fragmentation of responsibilities. Both models share common challenges, such as insufficient institutional capacity (particularly regarding the number of nutritionists), the limited and overly formalistic role of School Feeding Councils (CAE), low production diversity, and issues related to logistics and food acceptability. The research highlights that the effectiveness of the PNAE depends not only on the regulatory framework but also on the capacity of subnational entities to foster territorialization and substantive social oversight. This underscores the need for institutional strengthening, technical support for farmers, and investment in training and social participation. The study concludes that the PNAE holds significant potential to contribute to ensuring Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) by linking school meals with procurement from family farming. However, realizing this potential depends on institutional arrangements capable of coordinating different levels of government and sectors, territorializing actions, aligning the various stakeholders involved, and ensuring substantive social participation. Keywords: food and nutrition security; public procurement from family farming; institutional arrangements
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RODRIGUES, Aline Xisto. Segurança alimentar e nutricional e políticas públicas: arranjos institucionais na implementação das compras da agricultura familiar no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. 2026. 129 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
