Produção de kombucha a partir de diferentes inóculos brasileiros
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Kombucha é uma bebida obtida pela fermentação de chá (Camellia sinensis) por um inóculo popularmente conhecido como SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast). No Brasil, a cultura de doações de SCOBY entre os produtores é amplamente difundida; somada às diferentes condições de fermentação, a diversidade de inóculos resulta em bebidas com características distintas. Neste trabalho, 30 amostras de SCOBY de diferentes regiões brasileiras foram utilizadas para produção de kombucha. No decorrer de 10 dias de fermentação, análises de pH e acidez total titulável (ATT) foram determinadas. As populações de leveduras, bactérias acéticas (BAA) e do ácido lático (BAL) dos inóculos foram quantificadas ao término da fermentação. O teor de acidez volátil e as concentrações de ácido acético, ácido glicônico, ácido lático e etanol foram determinadas, assim como as concentrações de sacarose, glicose e frutose residuais. Por fim, foram realizadas análises de rendimento, produtividade volumétrica e capacidade de retenção de água do material celulósico gerado após o período de fermentação. O pH das bebidas variou entre 2,38 e 4,82; a ATT entre 0,02 e 1,96% (p/v) e a acidez volátil entre 0,89 e 32,2 mEq/L. O ácido glicônico foi identificado como o principal ácido nas kombuchas, variando de 3,12 a 6,78% (p/v), seguido do ácido acético (0,18 a 0,53% p/v) e ácido lático (0,01 a 0,08% p/v). Todas as kombuchas apresentaram baixo teor alcoólico, com exceção de K15 (0,83% v/v). Os açúcares residuais da kombucha variaram de 0,28 a 5,16% (p/v) para sacarose; 0,53 a 1,73% (p/v) para glicose e 0,22 e 1,44% (p/v) para frutose. As contagens dos grupos microbianos majoritários variaram de 6,68 a 10,03 Log UFC/g para BAA; de 6,48 a 9,35 Log UFC/g para BAL; e de 6,03 a 9,48 Log UFC/g para leveduras. Apesar da síntese de celulose bacteriana (CB) durante a fermentação da kombucha, a produtividade volumétrica foi relativamente baixa nas condições de fermentação avaliadas (0,001 a 0,012 g/L.h); em contrapartida, a capacidade de retenção de água foi alta (máxima de 98,54%). Tendo em vista a crescente produção industrial de kombucha e celulose bacteriana, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho podem contribuir para um maior entendimento acerca dos impactos dos parâmetros fermentativos na qualidade da bebida, bem como no rendimento da produção do material celulósico. Palavras-chave: Bebida fermentada. SCOBY. Celulose bacteriana.
Kombucha is a beverage obtained by fermenting tea (Camellia sinensis) by an inoculum popularly known as SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast). In Brazil, the culture of SCOBY donations among producers is widespread; besides different fermentation conditions, the SCOBY diversity results in beverages with distinct characteristics. In this work, 30 SCOBY samples from different Brazilian regions were used for kombucha production. During 10 days of fermentation, analyzes of pH and total titratable acidity (TTA) were determined. The populations of yeast, acetic bacteria (BAA) and lactic acid (LAB) in SCOBY samples were quantified at the end of fermentation. The volatile acidity content and the concentrations of acetic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid and ethanol were determined, as well as the residual concentrations of sucrose, glucose and fructose. Finally, analyzes of yield, volumetric productivity and water retention capacity of the cellulosic material generated after the fermentation were performed. The pH of the beverages ranged from 2.38 to 4.82; the ATT from 0.02 to 1.96% (w/v) and the volatile acidity from 0.89 to 32.2 mEq/L. Gluconic acid was identified as the main acid in kombucha, ranging from 3.12 to 6.78% (w/v), followed by acetic acid (0.18 to 0.53% w/v) and lactic acid (0 .01 to 0.08% w/v). All kombucha evaluated showed low alcohol content, except the K15 (0.83% v/v). Residual kombucha sugars ranged from 0.28 to 5.16% (w/v) for sucrose; from 0.53 to 1.73% (w/v) for glucose and from 0.22 and 1.44% (w/v) for fructose. The major microbial populations ranged from 6.68 to 10.03 Log CFU/g for BAA; from 6.48 to 9.35 Log CFU/g for BAL; and from 6.03 to 9.48 Log CFU/g for yeast. Despite the bacterial cellulose synthesis during the kombucha fermentation, its volumetric productivity was relatively low in the evaluated fermentation conditions (0.001 to 0.012 g/L.h); on the other hand, its water retention capacity was high (maximum of 98.54%). In view of the growing industrial production of kombucha and bacterial cellulose, the results obtained in this work may contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of fermentation parameters on the quality of the beverage, as well as on the production yield of the cellulosic material. Keywords: Fermented beverage. SCOBY. Bacterial cellulose.
Kombucha is a beverage obtained by fermenting tea (Camellia sinensis) by an inoculum popularly known as SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast). In Brazil, the culture of SCOBY donations among producers is widespread; besides different fermentation conditions, the SCOBY diversity results in beverages with distinct characteristics. In this work, 30 SCOBY samples from different Brazilian regions were used for kombucha production. During 10 days of fermentation, analyzes of pH and total titratable acidity (TTA) were determined. The populations of yeast, acetic bacteria (BAA) and lactic acid (LAB) in SCOBY samples were quantified at the end of fermentation. The volatile acidity content and the concentrations of acetic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid and ethanol were determined, as well as the residual concentrations of sucrose, glucose and fructose. Finally, analyzes of yield, volumetric productivity and water retention capacity of the cellulosic material generated after the fermentation were performed. The pH of the beverages ranged from 2.38 to 4.82; the ATT from 0.02 to 1.96% (w/v) and the volatile acidity from 0.89 to 32.2 mEq/L. Gluconic acid was identified as the main acid in kombucha, ranging from 3.12 to 6.78% (w/v), followed by acetic acid (0.18 to 0.53% w/v) and lactic acid (0 .01 to 0.08% w/v). All kombucha evaluated showed low alcohol content, except the K15 (0.83% v/v). Residual kombucha sugars ranged from 0.28 to 5.16% (w/v) for sucrose; from 0.53 to 1.73% (w/v) for glucose and from 0.22 and 1.44% (w/v) for fructose. The major microbial populations ranged from 6.68 to 10.03 Log CFU/g for BAA; from 6.48 to 9.35 Log CFU/g for BAL; and from 6.03 to 9.48 Log CFU/g for yeast. Despite the bacterial cellulose synthesis during the kombucha fermentation, its volumetric productivity was relatively low in the evaluated fermentation conditions (0.001 to 0.012 g/L.h); on the other hand, its water retention capacity was high (maximum of 98.54%). In view of the growing industrial production of kombucha and bacterial cellulose, the results obtained in this work may contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of fermentation parameters on the quality of the beverage, as well as on the production yield of the cellulosic material. Keywords: Fermented beverage. SCOBY. Bacterial cellulose.
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VENTURIM, Bárbara Côgo. Produção de kombucha a partir de diferentes inóculos brasileiros. 2022. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
