Transposição heteróloga de Impala em Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e Colletotrichum truncatum, agentes causais da antracnose no feijão-comum e na soja
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O gênero Colletotrichum é amplamente reconhecido por sua relevância econômica e científica, por abranger muitas espécies de fitopatógenos e porque o seu estilo de vida hemibiotrófico é objeto de estudo para o entendimento da interação planta- patógeno. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e Colletotrichum truncatum são os agentes causais da antracnose no feijão-comum e na soja, respectivamente, causando grandes perdas de rendimento nessas culturas em condições ideais. Muitas abordagens genéticas já foram aplicadas para entender os mecanismos de patogênese dessas espécies, mas ainda não há trabalhos que explorem a aplicação de elementos transponíveis como ferramenta molecular para estudos de genética funcional nesses fungos. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo testar a transposição heteróloga de Impala, um transposon isolado de Fusarium oxysporum, da Classe II, da superfamília Tc1/Mariner, em ambas as espécies, visando ao desenvolvimento de um sistema de mutagênese insercional aleatória. Para isso, mutantes defectivos para a enzima nitrato redutase foram utilizados como linhagens receptoras do plasmídeo pNIL160, que contém o gene niaD de Aspergillus nidulans interrompido por Impala na sua região promotora. Foram isoladas três linhagens de C. lindemuthianum contendo pNIL160 e duas linhagens de C. truncatum. Os eventos de transposição foram observados em ensaios de reversão da mutação niaD::Impala pelo surgimento de colônias NiaD+ capazes de metabolizar o nitrato. Foram obtidos 11 revertentes derivados da linhagem T26 de C. lindemuthianum e 43 e 1124 revertentes derivados das linhagens T2 e T3 de C. truncatum, respectivamente. A análise molecular dos eventos de excisão e reinserção, feita por meio de PCR e Southern Blot, mostrou que os eventos de transposição dos revertentes analisados foram independentes em ambas as espécies. A linhagem T26 de C. lindemuthianum apresentou uma taxa de transposição de 0,74/106 conídios, enquanto as linhagens T2 e T3, derivadas de C. truncatum, apresentaram uma taxa de transposição de 2,9/106 conídios e 74,9/106 conídios, respectivamente. Impala reinseriu em um novo local no genoma de 71% dos revertentes analisados derivados da linhagem T26 de C. lindemuthianum. Já em C. truncatum, houve reinserção do elemento em 43% dos revertentes analisados derivados da linhagem T3. Esses resultados mostram que Impala é ativo nos genomas de ambas as espécies e tanto a taxa de transposição quanto a frequência de reinserção observadas indicam que esse elemento tem potencial para ser usado para mutagênese insercional nesses fungos. Uma biblioteca de 300 candidatos a mutantes insercionais de C. truncatum foi criada. Para validar o potencial de Impala na marcação de genes envolvidos na patogenicidade, é fundamental que os revertentes obtidos sejam triados quanto a alterações na virulência. Além disso, em C. lindemuthianum, otimizações que visem o aumento da taxa de transposição de Impala poderão ampliar a sua aplicabilidade como ferramenta molecular de mutagênese. Palavras-chave: transposon; mutagênese insercional aleatória; patogenicidade.
The Colletotrichum genus is widely recognized for its economic and scientific relevance, as it includes numerous species of phytopathogens and because its hemibiotrophic lifestyle is a subject of study for understanding plant-pathogen interactions. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Colletotrichum truncatum are the causal agents of anthracnose in common bean and soybean, respectively, causing significant yield losses under favorable conditions. Several genetic approaches have been applied to understand the pathogenicity mechanisms of these species, but no studies have yet explored the use of transposable elements as a molecular tool for functional genetics in these fungi. Therefore, this study aimed to test the heterologous transposition of Impala, a Class II transposon from the Tc1/Mariner superfamily originally isolated from Fusarium oxysporum, in both species, with the goal of developing a random insertional mutagenesis system. To this end, nitrate reductase-defective mutants were used as recipient strains for plasmid pNIL160, which contains the niaD gene from Aspergillus nidulans interrupted by Impala in its promoter region. Three C. lindemuthianum strains and two C. truncatum strains containing pNIL160 were isolated. Transposition events were observed in reversion assays of the niaD::Impala mutation by the emergence of NiaD+ colonies capable of nitrate metabolism. Eleven revertants were obtained from C. lindemuthianum strain T26, and 43 and 1124 revertants were obtained from C. truncatum strains T2 and T3, respectively. Molecular analysis of excision and reinsertion events using PCR and Southern Blot showed that the transposition events of the analyzed revertants were independent in both species. The T26 strain of C. lindemuthianum showed a transposition rate of 0.74/106 conidia, while C. truncatum strains T2 and T3 showed transposition rates of 2.9/106 and 74.9/106 conidia, respectively. Impala reinserted into a new genomic location in 71% of the analyzed revertants derived from the T26 strain of C. lindemuthianum. In C. truncatum, reinsertion of the element occurred in 43% of the analyzed revertants derived from the T3 strain. These results demonstrate that Impala is active in the genomes of both species, and both the transposition rate and reinsertion frequency observed indicate that this element has potential for use in insertional mutagenesis in these fungi. A library of 300 candidate insertional mutants of C. truncatum was created. To validate Impala's potential for tagging genes involved in pathogenicity, it is essential that the obtained revertants be screened for virulence alterations. Furthermore, in C. lindemuthianum, optimizations aimed at increasing Impala's transposition rate could expand its applicability as a molecular tool for mutagenesis. Keywords: transposon; random insertional mutagenesis; pathogenicity.
The Colletotrichum genus is widely recognized for its economic and scientific relevance, as it includes numerous species of phytopathogens and because its hemibiotrophic lifestyle is a subject of study for understanding plant-pathogen interactions. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Colletotrichum truncatum are the causal agents of anthracnose in common bean and soybean, respectively, causing significant yield losses under favorable conditions. Several genetic approaches have been applied to understand the pathogenicity mechanisms of these species, but no studies have yet explored the use of transposable elements as a molecular tool for functional genetics in these fungi. Therefore, this study aimed to test the heterologous transposition of Impala, a Class II transposon from the Tc1/Mariner superfamily originally isolated from Fusarium oxysporum, in both species, with the goal of developing a random insertional mutagenesis system. To this end, nitrate reductase-defective mutants were used as recipient strains for plasmid pNIL160, which contains the niaD gene from Aspergillus nidulans interrupted by Impala in its promoter region. Three C. lindemuthianum strains and two C. truncatum strains containing pNIL160 were isolated. Transposition events were observed in reversion assays of the niaD::Impala mutation by the emergence of NiaD+ colonies capable of nitrate metabolism. Eleven revertants were obtained from C. lindemuthianum strain T26, and 43 and 1124 revertants were obtained from C. truncatum strains T2 and T3, respectively. Molecular analysis of excision and reinsertion events using PCR and Southern Blot showed that the transposition events of the analyzed revertants were independent in both species. The T26 strain of C. lindemuthianum showed a transposition rate of 0.74/106 conidia, while C. truncatum strains T2 and T3 showed transposition rates of 2.9/106 and 74.9/106 conidia, respectively. Impala reinserted into a new genomic location in 71% of the analyzed revertants derived from the T26 strain of C. lindemuthianum. In C. truncatum, reinsertion of the element occurred in 43% of the analyzed revertants derived from the T3 strain. These results demonstrate that Impala is active in the genomes of both species, and both the transposition rate and reinsertion frequency observed indicate that this element has potential for use in insertional mutagenesis in these fungi. A library of 300 candidate insertional mutants of C. truncatum was created. To validate Impala's potential for tagging genes involved in pathogenicity, it is essential that the obtained revertants be screened for virulence alterations. Furthermore, in C. lindemuthianum, optimizations aimed at increasing Impala's transposition rate could expand its applicability as a molecular tool for mutagenesis. Keywords: transposon; random insertional mutagenesis; pathogenicity.
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FREITAS, Bruna Caetano de. Transposição heteróloga de Impala em Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e Colletotrichum truncatum, agentes causais da antracnose no feijão-comum e na soja. 2025. 70 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
