Análise de risco de pragas como política de viabilização de importação de produtos vegetais e de prevenção de entrada de organismos potencialmente prejudiciais à agricultura brasileira
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Data
2015-03-30
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O Acordo de Medidas Sanitárias e Fitossanitárias (Acordo SPS) estabelece que os países, através de suas Organizações Nacionais de Proteção Fitossanitária (ONPF), têm o direito de estabelecer as medidas fitossanitárias necessárias e suficientes para resguardar seus agroecossistemas e a flora nativa da entrada de organismos potencialmente nocivos. Nesse contexto, a Análise de Risco de Pragas (ARPs) tem papel fundamental, pois, através desse procedimento, são estabelecidos os requisitos a serem seguidos por um país interessado em realizar a exportação de plantas, suas partes ou produtos, de forma a garantir que o país importador não esteja exposto a riscos significativos. Portanto, para garantir o livre comércio, os países devem estar devidamente aparelhados para realizar as ARPs de maneira eficaz, ou seja, rápida o suficiente para atender às demandas do comércio internacional e com o rigor necessário para evitar a entrada de organismos que possam representar ameaça aos sistemas produtivos. Este trabalho está dividido em duas partes: na primeira, discute- se a eficácia das ARPs realizadas pela ONPF brasileira de 2005 a 2014, buscando verificar que fatores afetam a duração dos processos desde o momento em que o interessado formaliza sua intenção de realizar a importação até o momento em que os requisitos fitossanitários são publicados no Diário Oficial da União. Os processos de Análise de Risco de Pragas não foram analisados pela data de entrada no Ministério da Agricultura, e a média de duração foi de 1.186 dias, variando de 37 a 4.380 dias. Foi verificado que produtos vegetais classificados como categoria de risco fitossanitário 2 foram analisados mais rapidamente do que produtos vegetais das categorias 3 e 4. Já com relação ao ano de publicação da Instrução Normativa, 2007 apresentou maior rapidez na análise dos processos de ARP. Não foi constatada relação entre continente de origem e duração das ARPs. Na segunda parte, é apresentada uma análise histórica dos eventos de entrada de pragas no Brasil, bem como um levantamento dos organismos que, em função do trânsito de pessoas e mercadorias a partir dos países da América do Sul, apresentam alto risco de entrada nos próximos anos no país. Das 565 pragas regulamentadas pelo Brasil, pelo menos 221 ocorrem em, no mínimo, um país da América do Sul.
The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) states that countries through their National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPO) have the right to establish the necessary and sufficient phytosanitary measures to protect their agricultural ecosystems and native flora of the potentially harmful invasive organisms. In this context, the Pest Risk Analysis (PRAs) plays a key role because, by that procedure, the requirements are set to be followed by a country interested in doing the export of plants, their parts or products to ensure that the importing country is not exposed to significant risks. Therefore, to ensure free trade, countries should be properly equipped to perform effectively PRAs, or fast enough to satisfy the demands of international trade and with the necessary rigor to prevent the entry of organisms that may pose a threat to production systems. This work is divided into two parts: first, we discuss the effectiveness of Brazilian NPPO Pest Risk Analysis from 2005 to 2014, seeking to verify which factors affect the length of proceedings from the moment at which the requester formalizes its intention to implement the import to the moment that the phytosanitary requirements are published in the Official Gazette. The Pest Risk Analysis processes were not analyzed by date of entry in the Ministry of Agriculture and the average duration was 1186 days, ranging from 37 to 4380 days. It was verified that plant products classified as phytosanitary risk category 2 were analyzed faster than plant products in categories 3 and 4. According to the year of the publication of Normative Instruction, 2007 had shorter time for analysis of the PRA process. There was no relationship between continent of origin and duration of PRAs. In the second part, is presented a historical analysis of events pest entry in Brazil and a survey of organisms which, according to the movement of people and goods from the countries of South America, are at high risk of entering the country in the coming years. From a total of 565 species regulated by the Brazilian NPPO, at least 221 species occur in at least one South American country.
The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) states that countries through their National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPO) have the right to establish the necessary and sufficient phytosanitary measures to protect their agricultural ecosystems and native flora of the potentially harmful invasive organisms. In this context, the Pest Risk Analysis (PRAs) plays a key role because, by that procedure, the requirements are set to be followed by a country interested in doing the export of plants, their parts or products to ensure that the importing country is not exposed to significant risks. Therefore, to ensure free trade, countries should be properly equipped to perform effectively PRAs, or fast enough to satisfy the demands of international trade and with the necessary rigor to prevent the entry of organisms that may pose a threat to production systems. This work is divided into two parts: first, we discuss the effectiveness of Brazilian NPPO Pest Risk Analysis from 2005 to 2014, seeking to verify which factors affect the length of proceedings from the moment at which the requester formalizes its intention to implement the import to the moment that the phytosanitary requirements are published in the Official Gazette. The Pest Risk Analysis processes were not analyzed by date of entry in the Ministry of Agriculture and the average duration was 1186 days, ranging from 37 to 4380 days. It was verified that plant products classified as phytosanitary risk category 2 were analyzed faster than plant products in categories 3 and 4. According to the year of the publication of Normative Instruction, 2007 had shorter time for analysis of the PRA process. There was no relationship between continent of origin and duration of PRAs. In the second part, is presented a historical analysis of events pest entry in Brazil and a survey of organisms which, according to the movement of people and goods from the countries of South America, are at high risk of entering the country in the coming years. From a total of 565 species regulated by the Brazilian NPPO, at least 221 species occur in at least one South American country.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vigilância sanitária, Pragas - Controle, Pragas agrícolas - Avaliação de riscos
Citação
STANCIOLI, Andréa Ramos. Análise de risco de pragas como política de viabilização de importação de produtos vegetais e de prevenção de entrada de organismos potencialmente prejudiciais à agricultura brasileira. 2015. 88 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Defesa Sanitária Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2015.