Análise da expressão diferencial de genes em genótipos de soja resistentes e susceptíveis ao ataque de insetos praga
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A soja (Glycine max) é uma das principais culturas agrícolas do Brasil, porém sua produtividade é frequentemente comprometida pelo ataque de insetos-praga, como a lagarta-da-soja (Anticarsia gemmatalis). Tendo Com base nisso, o desenvolvimento de genótipos resistentes representa uma estratégia sustentável para o manejo de pragas, tornando essencial a compreensão dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na resistência. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a expressão gênica diferencial entre os genótipos de soja resistentes IAC17 e IAC100 e os suscetíveis UFV105 e BR16, visando identificar genes, processos biológicos e vias metabólicas potencialmente envolvidos na resistência constitutiva à herbivoria. Amostras foliares coletadas no estádio V4 foram submetidas à extração de RNA, preparação de bibliotecas e sequenciamento em plataforma Illumina NovaSeq 6000. As leituras foram processadas por controle de qualidade, alinhadas ao genoma de referência da soja e analisadas quanto à expressão diferencial utilizando o pacote DESeq2. Os genes diferencialmente expressos foram anotados funcionalmente e submetidos às análises de enriquecimento utilizando os bancos Gene Ontology (GO) e Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), além da identificação de genes compartilhados por meio de diagramas de Venn. A análise transcriptômica revelou diferenças expressivas entre os genótipos resistentes e suscetíveis, sendo identificados 60 genes regulados positivamente compartilhados entre IAC17 e IAC100. Entre estes genes foram identificados genes relacionados à síntese de quinases, receptores associados à imunidade vegetal, proteínas envolvidas no controle da expressão gênica e proteínas potencialmente associadas à modificação da estrutura química de flavonoides, sugerindo que a resistência dos genótipos IAC17 e IAC100 é proveniente da atuação coordenada de redes de sinalização e regulação gênica capazes de promover um estado de defesa previamente estabelecido. Além disso, a via de biossíntese de flavonoides apresentou-se enriquecida nos contrastes envolvendo os genótipos resistentes, indicando que essa rota metabólica permanece ativa mesmo na ausência de herbivoria e pode desempenhar papel importante na resistência da soja ao ataque de insetos-praga. Os resultados ampliam a compreensão dos mecanismos moleculares associados à resistência em soja e identificam genes candidatos com potencial aplicação em programas de melhoramento genético. Entretanto, o elevado número de genes compartilhados entre os genótipos resistentes evidencia a necessidade de estudos envolvendo um maior número de materiais genéticos resistentes e suscetíveis, permitindo reduzir o conjunto de genes candidatos e facilitar a identificação dos determinantes moleculares diretamente responsáveis pela resistência constitutiva à herbivoria. Palavras-chave: soja, transcriptômica, Anticarsia gemmatalis
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important agricultural crops in Brazil; however, its productivity is frequently affected by insect pests such as the soybean looper (Anticarsia gemmatalis). In this context, the development of resistant genotypes represents a sustainable strategy for pest management, making it essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance. This study aimed to evaluate differential gene expression between the resistant soybean genotypes IAC17 and IAC100 and the susceptible genotypes UFV105 and BR16 in order to identify genes, biological processes, and metabolic pathways potentially involved in constitutive resistance to herbivory. Leaf samples collected at the V4 developmental stage were subjected to total RNA extraction, library preparation, and sequencing using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The sequencing reads were processed through quality control, aligned to the soybean reference genome, and analyzed for differential gene expression using the DESeq2 package. Differentially expressed genes were functionally annotated and subjected to enrichment analyses using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. In addition, shared genes were identified through Venn diagram analysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed marked differences in gene expression profiles between resistant and susceptible genotypes and identified 60 commonly upregulated genes shared by IAC17 and IAC100. Among these, genes related to kinase synthesis, plant immunity-associated receptors, proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression, and proteins potentially associated with the chemical modification of flavonoids were identified, suggesting that the resistance of IAC17 and IAC100 results from the coordinated action of signaling and gene regulatory networks capable of establishing a constitutive defense state. Furthermore, the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was enriched in the comparisons involving the resistant genotypes, indicating that this metabolic pathway remains active even in the absence of herbivory and may play an important role in soybean resistance against insect pests. These findings expand the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with soybean resistance and identify candidate genes with potential applications in breeding programs. However, the relatively large number of genes shared between the resistant genotypes highlights the need for further studies including a broader range of resistant and susceptible genetic materials, thereby reducing the number of candidate genes and facilitating the identification of the molecular determinants directly responsible for constitutive resistance to herbivory. Keywords: soybean, transcriptomics, Anticarsia gemmatalis
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important agricultural crops in Brazil; however, its productivity is frequently affected by insect pests such as the soybean looper (Anticarsia gemmatalis). In this context, the development of resistant genotypes represents a sustainable strategy for pest management, making it essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance. This study aimed to evaluate differential gene expression between the resistant soybean genotypes IAC17 and IAC100 and the susceptible genotypes UFV105 and BR16 in order to identify genes, biological processes, and metabolic pathways potentially involved in constitutive resistance to herbivory. Leaf samples collected at the V4 developmental stage were subjected to total RNA extraction, library preparation, and sequencing using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The sequencing reads were processed through quality control, aligned to the soybean reference genome, and analyzed for differential gene expression using the DESeq2 package. Differentially expressed genes were functionally annotated and subjected to enrichment analyses using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. In addition, shared genes were identified through Venn diagram analysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed marked differences in gene expression profiles between resistant and susceptible genotypes and identified 60 commonly upregulated genes shared by IAC17 and IAC100. Among these, genes related to kinase synthesis, plant immunity-associated receptors, proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression, and proteins potentially associated with the chemical modification of flavonoids were identified, suggesting that the resistance of IAC17 and IAC100 results from the coordinated action of signaling and gene regulatory networks capable of establishing a constitutive defense state. Furthermore, the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was enriched in the comparisons involving the resistant genotypes, indicating that this metabolic pathway remains active even in the absence of herbivory and may play an important role in soybean resistance against insect pests. These findings expand the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with soybean resistance and identify candidate genes with potential applications in breeding programs. However, the relatively large number of genes shared between the resistant genotypes highlights the need for further studies including a broader range of resistant and susceptible genetic materials, thereby reducing the number of candidate genes and facilitating the identification of the molecular determinants directly responsible for constitutive resistance to herbivory. Keywords: soybean, transcriptomics, Anticarsia gemmatalis
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PINTO, Ian de Paula Alves. Análise da expressão diferencial de genes em genótipos de soja resistentes e susceptíveis ao ataque de insetos praga. 2026. 64 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica e Biotecnologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
