Desafios educacionais no Brasil: bullying escolar, distorção idade-série e impacto da violência conjugal no ingresso ao ensino superior
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2024-02-26
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Considerando as consequências nocivas dos diversos tipos de violência para a sociedade, este estudo buscou relacionar duas formas distintas de violência, ocorridas em períodos diferentes da vida, nomeadamente o bullying e a violência conjugal, com resultados educacionais, quais sejam, a distorção idade-série e a probabilidade de ingresso no ensino superior. Para tal, foram construídos dois ensaios. O primeiro relaciona a violência ocorrida no âmbito escolar, com prejuízos acadêmicos que resultam em distorção idade-série. Para tanto, foram estimados três modelos econométrico de abordagem multinível, uma para cada uma das formas “tradicionais” de bullying: físico, verbal e social, por meio de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar para o ano de 2019. Os resultados indicam que o bullying físico e verbal está positivamente associado à distorção idade-série e os possíveis mecanismos pelo qual ele ocorre estão relacionados a feitos prejudiciais na saúde mental e integração escolar. O segundo ensaio, realizado com a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2019, analisou a probabilidade de que mulheres que sofreram violência conjugal tenham ingressado no ensino superior. Foram estimados modelos probit para cada um dos tipos de violência levantados pela PNS: violência física, verbal e sexual. Os resultados descritivos demonstram que a maioria da violência ocorre por parceiro ou ex-parceiro íntimo, no âmbito doméstico. No que se refere ao modelo econométrico estimado, verificou-se que todos os tipos de violência afetam negativamente a probabilidade de a mulher ter ingressado no ensino superior. Ambos os estudos evidenciam a necessidade de políticas específicas, enfatizando intervenções antibullying direcionadas e medidas de proteção e empoderamento das mulheres, reconhecendo a educação como um componente vital nesse processo. Palavras-chave: Bullying. Distorção idade-série. Educação. Ensino Superior. Violência conjugal.
Considering the harmful consequences of various types of violence for society, this study sought to relate two different forms of violence, occurring at different times of life, namely bullying and marital violence, with educational outcomes, namely age-grade distortion, and the likelihood of entering higher education. To this end, two studies were carried out. The first relates violence at school with academic losses resulting in age-grade distortion. To this end, three multilevel econometric models were estimated, one for each of the "traditional" forms of bullying: physical, verbal, and social, using data from the National School Health Survey for 2019. The results indicate that physical and verbal bullying is positively associated with age- grade distortion and the possible mechanisms by which it occurs are related to detrimental effects on mental health and school integration. The second trial, carried out with the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS), analyzed the probability that women who suffered marital violence entered higher education. Probit models were estimated for each of the types of violence surveyed by the PNS: physical, verbal, and sexual violence. The descriptive results show that most violence occurs by an intimate partner or ex-partner, in the domestic sphere. Regarding the estimated econometric model, it was found that all types of violence negatively affect the likelihood of women entering higher education. Both studies highlight the need for specific policies, emphasizing targeted anti-bullying interventions and measures to protect and empower women, recognizing education as a vital component in this process. Keywords: Bullying. Age-grade distortion. Education. Higher Education. Conjugal Violence.
Considering the harmful consequences of various types of violence for society, this study sought to relate two different forms of violence, occurring at different times of life, namely bullying and marital violence, with educational outcomes, namely age-grade distortion, and the likelihood of entering higher education. To this end, two studies were carried out. The first relates violence at school with academic losses resulting in age-grade distortion. To this end, three multilevel econometric models were estimated, one for each of the "traditional" forms of bullying: physical, verbal, and social, using data from the National School Health Survey for 2019. The results indicate that physical and verbal bullying is positively associated with age- grade distortion and the possible mechanisms by which it occurs are related to detrimental effects on mental health and school integration. The second trial, carried out with the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS), analyzed the probability that women who suffered marital violence entered higher education. Probit models were estimated for each of the types of violence surveyed by the PNS: physical, verbal, and sexual violence. The descriptive results show that most violence occurs by an intimate partner or ex-partner, in the domestic sphere. Regarding the estimated econometric model, it was found that all types of violence negatively affect the likelihood of women entering higher education. Both studies highlight the need for specific policies, emphasizing targeted anti-bullying interventions and measures to protect and empower women, recognizing education as a vital component in this process. Keywords: Bullying. Age-grade distortion. Education. Higher Education. Conjugal Violence.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Assédio nas escolas, Modelos econométricos, Educação, Ensino superior, Violência conjugal
Citação
BARBOSA, Miriã Ramalho. Desafios educacionais no Brasil: bullying escolar, distorção idade-série e impacto da violência conjugal no ingresso ao ensino superior. 2024. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.