Divulgação científica: o visionarismo de uma mulher no século XIX
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Ao longo dos anos, as mulheres enfrentaram barreiras invisíveis quando o assunto é o acesso à educação, principalmente em áreas de Ciência, Tecnologia, Engenharias e Matemática (CTEM). Por mais que os dados estatísticos, mais recentes, mostrem que a participação feminina vem aumentando nos últimos tempos, tanto no Brasil quanto no mundo, ainda existe grande disparidade quanto ao número de homens e mulheres estudando, desenvolvendo pesquisas e fazendo publicações nessas áreas. Assim, o presente trabalho busca relatar os esforços de Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards (1842-1911), para despertar o interesse feminino para tal área, mas principalmente para divulgar a ciência para todos os públicos. Esta renomada cientista foi a primeira mulher a estudar no Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts (MIT), com o título de estudante especial e ao longo de sua carreira buscou dar oportunidades para que mais mulheres tivessem acesso à educação superior. Ela desenvolveu estudos em áreas como Química, sanitarismo, mineralogia, nutrição humana e Economia Doméstica, ao mesmo tempo em que tentava divulgar a ciência para o público leigo. Para realizar o presente trabalho, a metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa documental e historiográfica. Assim, procedeu-se o levantamento de documentos diversos, como fotos, livros de autoria da própria Ellen Richards, biografias escritas por terceiros e artigos científicos. Após o levantamento do material, foi realizada sua análise, buscando responder as perguntas norteadoras da pesquisa. Ellen, através do projeto de ensino a distância e do laboratório de mulheres, conseguiu atingir as donas de casa e outras mulheres com alguma formação, que desejavam ampliar seus conhecimentos; com as cozinhas comunitárias, ela expandiu os conhecimentos científicos aos trabalhadores de Boston. Ela também defendeu que a ciência e o sanitarismo fossem ensinados as crianças estudantes de escolas públicas. Assim, concluiu-se que Ellen Richards foi pioneira no campo das ciências e do sanitarismo e obteve sucesso como divulgadora científica, promovendo acesso de diferentes públicos à ciência produzida nos ambientes acadêmicos. Palavras-chave: Ellen Swallow Richards; ciência; química; educação; cozinha.
Over the years, women have faced invisible barriers when it comes to access to education, especially in the areas like of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Although the most recent statistics show that female participation has been increasing in recent times, both in Brazil and worldwide, there is still a great disparity in the number of men and women studying, developing research and publishing in these areas. Therefore, this paper seeks to report on the efforts of Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards (1842-1911) to awaken female interest in this area, but above all that, to disseminate science to all audiences. This renowned scientist was the first woman to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), with the title of special student and throughout her career she sought to provide opportunities for more women to have access to higher education. She developed studies in areas such as chemistry, sanitation, mineralogy, human nutrition and home economics, while at the same time trying to disseminate science to the lay public. To carry out this work, the methodology used was documentary and historiographical research. Consequently, various documents were collected, such as photos, books written by Ellen Richards herself, biographies written by third parties and scientific articles. Once the material had been collected, it was analyzed in an attempt to answer the research's guiding questions. Through the distance learning project and the women's laboratory, Ellen reached housewives and other educated women who wanted to broaden their knowledge; with the community kitchens, she expanded scientific knowledge to Boston workers. She also advocated teaching science and sanitation to children in public schools. Thus, it can be concluded that Ellen Richards was a pioneer in the field of science and sanitation and was successful as a science communicator, promoting access for different audiences to science produced in academic environments. Keywords: Ellen Swallow Richards; science; chemistry; education; kitchen.
Over the years, women have faced invisible barriers when it comes to access to education, especially in the areas like of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Although the most recent statistics show that female participation has been increasing in recent times, both in Brazil and worldwide, there is still a great disparity in the number of men and women studying, developing research and publishing in these areas. Therefore, this paper seeks to report on the efforts of Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards (1842-1911) to awaken female interest in this area, but above all that, to disseminate science to all audiences. This renowned scientist was the first woman to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), with the title of special student and throughout her career she sought to provide opportunities for more women to have access to higher education. She developed studies in areas such as chemistry, sanitation, mineralogy, human nutrition and home economics, while at the same time trying to disseminate science to the lay public. To carry out this work, the methodology used was documentary and historiographical research. Consequently, various documents were collected, such as photos, books written by Ellen Richards herself, biographies written by third parties and scientific articles. Once the material had been collected, it was analyzed in an attempt to answer the research's guiding questions. Through the distance learning project and the women's laboratory, Ellen reached housewives and other educated women who wanted to broaden their knowledge; with the community kitchens, she expanded scientific knowledge to Boston workers. She also advocated teaching science and sanitation to children in public schools. Thus, it can be concluded that Ellen Richards was a pioneer in the field of science and sanitation and was successful as a science communicator, promoting access for different audiences to science produced in academic environments. Keywords: Ellen Swallow Richards; science; chemistry; education; kitchen.
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SILVA, Carolina Albino da. Divulgação científica: o visionarismo de uma mulher no século XIX. 2025. 105 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Educação em Ciências e Matemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
