Propagação vegetativa e cultivo do tomateiro em sistema hidropônico
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2004-03-02
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Foram realizados dois trabalhos com tomateiro híbrido Carmen, cultivado com um cacho em hidroponia, sob casa-de-vegetação na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. No primeiro trabalho, conduzido no período de 29/01/2002 a 16/07/2002, foram realizados três experimentos com objetivo de produzir mudas de tomateiro a partir de estacas laterais. Para os experimentos 1 e 2, as estacas foram coletadas de plantas matrizes provenientes de sementes quando atingiram em média 4 folhas, 7,5 cm de altura e 4,8 mm de diâmetro. Posteriormente, foram selecionadas e transferidas para enraizamento. em espuma fenólica (experimento 1) ou em solução nutritiva (experimento 2). Os experimentos foram conduzidos no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, sendo 5 plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos foram representados pelas posições de retiradas das estacas das axilas das folhas de 1 a 5 da base para o ápice. Com relação a massa de matéria fresca das raízes, pontos de interseção das raízes, massa de matéria seca dos caules e das folhas, comprimento de raízes, área foliar, número de folhas e diâmetro dos caules, nos experimentos 1 e 2, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4. No experimento 3, uma planta de cada parcela, enraizada nos experimentos 1 e 2, foi transplantadas para vasos contendo solução nutritiva e cultivadas até a produção do primeiro cacho. Para isso, foram utilizadas duas soluções nutritivas, uma para enraizamento das estacas e cultivo das plantas na fase de crescimento vegetativo e outra para cultivo das plantas na fase de frutificação. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 2 x 5. O primeiro fator foi representado pelo meio de enraizamento, espuma fenólica ou solução nutritiva, e o segundo fator representado pelas cinco posições de retirada das estacas, perfazendo-se dez tratamentos com três repetições totalizando trinta vasos. Para este experimento, observou-se diferença significativa apenas para o diâmetro dos frutos, sendo o tratamento 3 maior que o 5, e os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4 semelhantes. Conclui-se que, em sistema hidropônico, podem ser produzidas mudas de tomateiro a partir de estacas utilizando-se espuma fenólica ou solução nutritiva como meio de enraizamento. O segundo trabalho, conduzido no período de 12/12/02 a 31/08/03, teve como objetivos avaliar as posições de origem das estacas na planta matriz, quantificar a produtividade das plantas provenientes de estacas e determinar a qualidade dos frutos do tomateiro em quatro cultivos sucessivos. O cultivo inicial foi instalado por meio de mudas originadas de sementes e os três cultivos posteriores por meio de mudas provenientes de estacas, sendo sempre o cultivo anterior considerado como matriz. Os quatro cultivos foram denominados de sementes, estacas 1, estacas 2 e estacas 3, respectivamente. Foram avaliados produção de frutos por planta, massa dos frutos, diâmetro dos frutos, número de frutos por planta, teor de sólidos solúveis, porcentagem de ácido cítrico e nutrientes nas folhas e frutos. As estacas foram coletadas nas plantas matrizes quando atingiram altura de 15 a 20 cm, posteriormente foram selecionadas, padronizadas à altura de 12 cm com no máximo três folhas e transferidas para enraizamento diretamente em solução nutritiva com 50% de força iônica. Após 20 dias foram transplantadas para sistema NFT e cultivadas até a produção dos frutos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados de duas formas. Na primeira, foram considerados os três cultivos das plantas provenientes de estacas e as duas posições de origem das estacas, ápice e base. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas. Não observou-se diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. As médias entre os três cultivos de estacas para produção de frutos por planta, massa dos frutos, diâmetro dos frutos e número de frutos por planta foram 569,1 g; 112,8 g, 62,24 mm e 5,0, respectivamente. O uso de estacas para produção de mudas de tomateiro é viável independente da posição de origem, podendo-se utilizar estacas provenientes do ápice ou da base da planta matriz sem reduzir à produtividade por três cultivos sucessivos. Na Segunda forma de análise, foram considerados o cultivo de sementes e os três cultivos de estacas, desconsiderando a posição de origem. Foram calculados as médias e os intervalos de confiança das médias. Quando não houve interseção entre os intervalos de confiança as diferenças entre os tratamentos foram consideradas significativas a 5% de probabilidade. As médias observadas para produção de frutos por planta nos tratamentos sementes, estacas 1, estacas 2 e estacas 3 foram 582,7; 583,9; 562,0 e 561,3 g, o que corresponderia a 93,2; 93,4; 89,9 e 89,8 t.ha-1, respectivamente. A qualidade dos frutos avaliada pelo teor de sólidos solúveis e porcentagem de ácido cítrico não variou entre os cultivos sucessivos. As variações observadas para os teores de nutrientes minerais nas folhas e frutos do tomateiro não comprometeram a qualidade dos frutos nos cultivos realizados.
Two works were carried out with Carmen hybrid tomato under hydroponic system in greenhouse conditions at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. In the first work were carried out three experiments from 01/29/2002 to 07/16/2002. The objective was produce tomato seedlings through rooted cuttings in hydroponic. In the experiments 1 and 2, the cuttings were collected of the stock plants from seeds when they reached the means values of 4 leaves, 7,5 cm of height and 4,79 mm of diameter, later on the cuttings were selected and transferred for rooting in fenolic foam (experiment 1) or nutritive solution (experiment 2). The experiments were carried out in the randomized blocks design with three replications and five plants per plot. The treatments were represented by cut positions of the cuttings in the axil of leaves 1 to 5, from the base to the apex. The roots fresh matter, roots intersection points, stems dry matter, leaves dry matter, roots length, leaf area, leaf number and stem diameter, in the experiments 1 and 2, showed no significant differences between the treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4. In the experiment 3, cuttings rooted in the experiments 1 and 2, were transplanted for vases containing nutritive solution and cultivated until the production of a single truss. Two nutritive solutions were used, one for rooting of cuttings and plant cultivation in their vegetative growth phase, and another for plants cultivation in reproductive phase. A randomized blocks design in a 2 x 5 (rooting medium x cut positions) factorial scheme, with three replications. In the experiment 3, the fruit diameter presented significant difference between the treatments. The treatment 3 was better than 5, being the treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 similar. It was concluded that in hydroponic it is possible to produce tomato seedlings through cuttings rooted in fenolic foam or nutritive solution. The second work was carried out from 12/12/2002 to 31/08/2003. The objectives were to evaluate the origin positions of cuttings, to quantify the productivity and to determine the fruit quality of tomatoes propagated vegetativelly and cultivated in hydroponic system with single truss. Four successives cultivations were accomplished, being one from seeds and three from cuttings being always the previous cultivation considered as stock plant. The four cultivations were denominated of seeds, cuttings 1, cuttings 2 and cuttings 3, respectively. Production by plant, weight fruit, fruit diameter, fruit number per plant, soluble solids, citric acid percentage, leave nutrients concentration and fruit nutrients concentration were evaluated. The cuttings were collected in the stock plants when they reached height of 15 to 20 cm, later on they were selected, standardized to the height of 12 cm with at the most three leaves and transferred for rooting in nutritive solution with 50% of ionic force. After 20 days they were transplanted to the NFT system and cultivated until the fruits production. The data were analyzed by two statistical procedures. In the first, were appraised three plants cultivations from cuttings and the two positions origin cuttings, apex and base. A randomized block design in split plot scheme was used. There was not significant differences among the treatments. The mean among the three cultivations of cuttings for production for plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruit number for plant were 569,1 g; 112,8 g, 62,2 mm and 5,0, respectively. The use of cuttings in tomato seedlings production was viable independent of the origin position, could be used cuttings from apex or base of the stock plant without damages to the production until three cultivations. In the second statistical procedure, were appraised the cultivation from seeds and three cultivations from cuttings. The means and the confidence intervals were calculated. The differences among the treatments were considered significant when there was not intersection among the confidence intervals. The mean observed for production by plant in the treatments seeds, cuttings 1, cuttings 2 and cuttings 3 were 582,7; 583,9; 562,0 and 561,3 g, what would correspond for 93,2; 93,4; 89,9 and 89,8 t.ha-1, respectively. The quality of the fruit in relationship of the soluble solids and citric acid percentage was not influenced along the cultivations. The variations observed for the mineral nutrients concentration in the tomato leaves and fruits didn't damage the quality of the fruits in the cultivations accomplished.
Two works were carried out with Carmen hybrid tomato under hydroponic system in greenhouse conditions at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. In the first work were carried out three experiments from 01/29/2002 to 07/16/2002. The objective was produce tomato seedlings through rooted cuttings in hydroponic. In the experiments 1 and 2, the cuttings were collected of the stock plants from seeds when they reached the means values of 4 leaves, 7,5 cm of height and 4,79 mm of diameter, later on the cuttings were selected and transferred for rooting in fenolic foam (experiment 1) or nutritive solution (experiment 2). The experiments were carried out in the randomized blocks design with three replications and five plants per plot. The treatments were represented by cut positions of the cuttings in the axil of leaves 1 to 5, from the base to the apex. The roots fresh matter, roots intersection points, stems dry matter, leaves dry matter, roots length, leaf area, leaf number and stem diameter, in the experiments 1 and 2, showed no significant differences between the treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4. In the experiment 3, cuttings rooted in the experiments 1 and 2, were transplanted for vases containing nutritive solution and cultivated until the production of a single truss. Two nutritive solutions were used, one for rooting of cuttings and plant cultivation in their vegetative growth phase, and another for plants cultivation in reproductive phase. A randomized blocks design in a 2 x 5 (rooting medium x cut positions) factorial scheme, with three replications. In the experiment 3, the fruit diameter presented significant difference between the treatments. The treatment 3 was better than 5, being the treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 similar. It was concluded that in hydroponic it is possible to produce tomato seedlings through cuttings rooted in fenolic foam or nutritive solution. The second work was carried out from 12/12/2002 to 31/08/2003. The objectives were to evaluate the origin positions of cuttings, to quantify the productivity and to determine the fruit quality of tomatoes propagated vegetativelly and cultivated in hydroponic system with single truss. Four successives cultivations were accomplished, being one from seeds and three from cuttings being always the previous cultivation considered as stock plant. The four cultivations were denominated of seeds, cuttings 1, cuttings 2 and cuttings 3, respectively. Production by plant, weight fruit, fruit diameter, fruit number per plant, soluble solids, citric acid percentage, leave nutrients concentration and fruit nutrients concentration were evaluated. The cuttings were collected in the stock plants when they reached height of 15 to 20 cm, later on they were selected, standardized to the height of 12 cm with at the most three leaves and transferred for rooting in nutritive solution with 50% of ionic force. After 20 days they were transplanted to the NFT system and cultivated until the fruits production. The data were analyzed by two statistical procedures. In the first, were appraised three plants cultivations from cuttings and the two positions origin cuttings, apex and base. A randomized block design in split plot scheme was used. There was not significant differences among the treatments. The mean among the three cultivations of cuttings for production for plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruit number for plant were 569,1 g; 112,8 g, 62,2 mm and 5,0, respectively. The use of cuttings in tomato seedlings production was viable independent of the origin position, could be used cuttings from apex or base of the stock plant without damages to the production until three cultivations. In the second statistical procedure, were appraised the cultivation from seeds and three cultivations from cuttings. The means and the confidence intervals were calculated. The differences among the treatments were considered significant when there was not intersection among the confidence intervals. The mean observed for production by plant in the treatments seeds, cuttings 1, cuttings 2 and cuttings 3 were 582,7; 583,9; 562,0 and 561,3 g, what would correspond for 93,2; 93,4; 89,9 and 89,8 t.ha-1, respectively. The quality of the fruit in relationship of the soluble solids and citric acid percentage was not influenced along the cultivations. The variations observed for the mineral nutrients concentration in the tomato leaves and fruits didn't damage the quality of the fruits in the cultivations accomplished.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tomate - Propagação, Hidroponia, Tomate - Nutrição, Tomate - Mudas, Tomate - Cultivo
Citação
FERNANDES, Adriano Alves. Propagação vegetativa e cultivo do tomateiro em sistema hidropônico. 2004. 78f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2004.