Seletividade de inseticidas com e sem mistura a ovos, larvas e adultos de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O controle biológico é um método que pode ser incluído no manejo integrado de pragas e contribuir para o manejo de L. coffeella associado ao químico. Dentro os agentes de controle biológico, Chrysoperla externa é considerado um predador voraz utilizado em diversos cultivos, sendo capaz de predar variadas presas. Larvas de C. externa são potenciais agentes no controle de L. coffeella, porém avaliar a o impacto de inseticidas com e sem mistura sob inimigos naturais é um desafio para otimizar o manejo desta praga. Além disso, é necessário conhecer a seletividade destes produtos a vários estágios do inimigo natural, como ovo, larva e adultos. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar a seletividade de diferentes inseticidas com e sem misturas registrados para uso no cafeeiro sob as fases de ovo, larva e adultos predador C. externa. O estudo foi conduzido em laboratório, onde foi aplicado inseticidas sintéticos sobre ovos, larvas e adultos de C. externa. Os bioensaios foram em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e os inseticidas utilizados são registrados para cultura do cafeeiro, utilizando a dose máxima de registro do produto. Para larvas de 1º e 2º instar, após aplicação de inseticidas as larvas foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaios, alimentadas com de ovos de Ephestia kuehniella, para evitar canibalismo entre as larvas. Foi avaliada o percentual na eclosão de larvas e a mortalidade de larvas e adultos e os inseticidas foram classificados como seletivos, moderadamente seletivos, pouco seletivos e não seletivos. Inseticidas alfa-cipermetrina e deltametrina reduziram o percentual de eclosão das larvas. Com 24, 48 e 72 horas após aplicação, inseticida flupiradifurona apresentou maior percentual de mortalidade de larvas de 1º instar. Para larvas de 2º instar de C. externa, clorantraniliprole e piriproxifem foram classificados como inseticidas seletivos. Inseticidas do grupo químico dos piretroídes apresentaram altas mortalidades de adultos de C. externa. Cloridrato de cartape + novalurom apresentou 0% de eclosão de larvas de C. externa, enquanto que em larvas de 1º instar os tratamentos alfa-cipermetrina + novalurom e cloridrato de cartape + novalurom foram classificados como não seletivos. Os inseticidas químicos e as misturas aplicados sob o este predador alteraram o percentual de eclosão na sobrevivência larvas e adultos de C. externa. O inseticida flupiradifurona pode ser classificado como inseticida não seletivo para larvas de 1º instar de C. externa. Inseticidas do grupo químico dos piretroides não são adequados para o manejo do L. coffeella por reduzirem a sobrevivência de adultos de C. externa. A mistura de cloridrato de cartape + novalurom pode ser considerado não seletivo por reduzir a eclosão de ovos e a sobrevivência de larvas de 1º instar de C. externa. Palavras-chave: Coffea arábica; Crisopídeo; Controle químico; Manejo integrado de pragas; Pesticidas; Toxicidade.
Biological control is a method that can be included in integrated pest management and contribute to the management of L. coffeella in combination with chemical control. Among the biological control agents, Chrysoperla externa is a predatory voracious pest used in many crops, able to prey on a wide variety of preys. C. externa larvae are potential agents for controlling L. coffeella, but evaluating the impact of insecticides with and without mixtures on natural enemies is a challenge for optimizing the management of this pest. In addition, it is necessary to understand the selectivity of such products to various stages of the natural enemy, such as egg, larva and adults. The objective was to assess the selectivity of different insecticides with and without mixtures registered for use on coffee trees on the egg, larval and adult stages of the predator C. externa. The study was conducted in the laboratory, applying synthetic insecticides to the eggs, larvae and adults of C. externa. The bioassays were conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications and the insecticides used were registered for coffee cultivation, using the maximum registered dose of the product. For 1st and 2nd instar larvae, after spraying the insecticides, the larvae were individualized in test tubes and were fed Ephestia kuehniella eggs to avoid cannibalism between the larvae. The percentage of larvae hatching and the mortality of larvae and adults were evaluated and the insecticides were classified as selective, moderately selective, poorly selective and non-selective. Alpha- cypermethrin and deltamethrin insecticides reduced the percentage of larvae hatching. After 24, 48 and 72 hours, the insecticide flupyradifurone showed the highest percentage of mortality of 1st instar larvae. For 2nd instar C. externa larvae, chlorantraniliprole and pyriproxifem were classified as selective insecticides. Insecticides from the chemical group of pyrethroids showed high mortality of C. externa adults. Cartape hydrochloride + novaluron showed 0% hatching of C. externa larvae, while in 1st instar larvae the treatments alpha-cypermethrin + novaluron and cartape hydrochloride + novaluron were classified as non-selective. The chemical insecticides and mixtures sprayed on this predator altered the hatching percentage of survival larvae and adults of C. externa. The insecticide flupyradifurone can be classified as a non-selective insecticide for 1st instar larvae of C. externa. Insecticides from the pyrethroid chemical group are not suitable for managing L. coffeella because they reduce the survival of C. externa adults. The mixture of cartap hydrochloride + novaluron can be considered non-selective as it reduces the hatching of eggs and the survival of 1st instar larvae of C. externa. Keywords: Coffea Arabica; Chrysopid; Chemical control; Integrated pest management; Pesticides; Toxicity.
Biological control is a method that can be included in integrated pest management and contribute to the management of L. coffeella in combination with chemical control. Among the biological control agents, Chrysoperla externa is a predatory voracious pest used in many crops, able to prey on a wide variety of preys. C. externa larvae are potential agents for controlling L. coffeella, but evaluating the impact of insecticides with and without mixtures on natural enemies is a challenge for optimizing the management of this pest. In addition, it is necessary to understand the selectivity of such products to various stages of the natural enemy, such as egg, larva and adults. The objective was to assess the selectivity of different insecticides with and without mixtures registered for use on coffee trees on the egg, larval and adult stages of the predator C. externa. The study was conducted in the laboratory, applying synthetic insecticides to the eggs, larvae and adults of C. externa. The bioassays were conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications and the insecticides used were registered for coffee cultivation, using the maximum registered dose of the product. For 1st and 2nd instar larvae, after spraying the insecticides, the larvae were individualized in test tubes and were fed Ephestia kuehniella eggs to avoid cannibalism between the larvae. The percentage of larvae hatching and the mortality of larvae and adults were evaluated and the insecticides were classified as selective, moderately selective, poorly selective and non-selective. Alpha- cypermethrin and deltamethrin insecticides reduced the percentage of larvae hatching. After 24, 48 and 72 hours, the insecticide flupyradifurone showed the highest percentage of mortality of 1st instar larvae. For 2nd instar C. externa larvae, chlorantraniliprole and pyriproxifem were classified as selective insecticides. Insecticides from the chemical group of pyrethroids showed high mortality of C. externa adults. Cartape hydrochloride + novaluron showed 0% hatching of C. externa larvae, while in 1st instar larvae the treatments alpha-cypermethrin + novaluron and cartape hydrochloride + novaluron were classified as non-selective. The chemical insecticides and mixtures sprayed on this predator altered the hatching percentage of survival larvae and adults of C. externa. The insecticide flupyradifurone can be classified as a non-selective insecticide for 1st instar larvae of C. externa. Insecticides from the pyrethroid chemical group are not suitable for managing L. coffeella because they reduce the survival of C. externa adults. The mixture of cartap hydrochloride + novaluron can be considered non-selective as it reduces the hatching of eggs and the survival of 1st instar larvae of C. externa. Keywords: Coffea Arabica; Chrysopid; Chemical control; Integrated pest management; Pesticides; Toxicity.
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NOGUEIRA, Daniel Costa Seletividade de inseticidas com e sem mistura a ovos, larvas e adultos de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). 2024. 36 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia - Produção Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rio Paranaíba. 2024.
