Níveis de proteína bruta e lactose em rações para leitões desmamados
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Este trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de níveis de proteína bruta e lactose no desempenho, na concentração de ureia sérica e na morfologia intestinal de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 144 leitões híbridos comerciais, machos castrados e fêmeas, com peso inicial de 7,17 ± 0,97 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 3, sendo 2 níveis de proteína bruta (PB -20,0 e 24,0%) e 3 níveis de lactose (LAC -8,0; 12,0 e 16,0%), com 8 repetições e 3 animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram assim constituídos: ração com 20,0% de PB e 8,0% de LAC; ração com 20,0% de PB e 12,0% de LAC; ração com 20,0% de PB e 16,0% de LAC; ração com 24,0% de PB e 8,0% de LAC; ração com 24,0% de PB e 12,0% de LAC; ração com 24,0% de PB e 16,0% de LAC. Não foram observadas interações (P=0,943) entre os níveis de PB e LAC das rações para o consumo de ração médio diário (CRD) e ganho de peso médio diário (GPD) (P=0,910). Os animais que receberam dietas com 20,0% de PB apresentaram maior CRD (P=0,008) e maior GPD (P<0,05) em relação aos animais alimentados com 24,0% de PB. Os leitões alimentados com 20,0% de PB apresentaram maior (P<0,05) peso médio aos 35 dias. Os animais que consumiram as rações com 20,0% de PB apresentaram menor concentração de ureia sérica (P<0,001). Foram observadas interações (P=0,006) entre os níveis de LAC e PB sobre a altura de vilosidade do duodeno (AVD). Os animais alimentados com 20,0% de PB apresentaram maior AVD com a utilização de 12,0 ou 16,0% de LAC. Por sua vez, os leitões que consumiram ração com 24,0% de PB tiveram maior AVD com de 16,0% de LAC na ração. Não foram observadas interações (P=0,095) entre os níveis de LAC e PB na profundidade de cripta do duodeno (PCD). Foi observada redução (P=0,010) da PCD com a suplementação de 12,0 e 16,0% de lactose. Em relação ao nível de PB, os animais que consumiram ração com 20,0% de PB apresentaram maior PCD (P=0,020). Os níveis de LAC influenciaram (P<0,001) a relação vilo:cripta do duodeno (RVCD). Os níveis de 12,0% e 16,0% de LAC proporcionaram aumento da RVCD. Houve interação (P=0,001) entre os níveis de LAC e PB sobre a AV do jejuno (AVJ), foi verificado que o nível de 12,0% de LAC proporcionou maior AVJ nos animais consumindo 24,0% PB na ração. Entretanto, não foram observadas diferenças entre as AVJ dos animais consumindo 20,0% de PB na ração. A PC do jejuno (PCJ) não foi influenciada (P=0,540) pelos níveis de LAC e PB. Não foi observada interação (P=0,180) entre os níveis de LAC e PB sobre a RVC do jejuno (RVCJ). A suplementação de 12,0 e 16,0% de LAC promoveu maior (P<0,001) RVCJ, que não diferiram entre si. Os animais que receberam ração com 20,0% de PB apresentaram maior (P=0,029) RVCJ que os leitões alimentados com 24,0% de PB. Para a AV do íleo (AVI), foi observado interação (P=0,007). Avaliando os níveis de LAC em relação ao nível 20,0% de PB, verificou-se maior AVI com a suplementação de 16,0% de LAC. Já os animais suplementados com 24,0% de PB apresentaram maior AVI com o fornecimento de 12,0 e 16,0% de LAC, que não diferiram entre si. Foi observada interação (P=0,039) entre os níveis de LAC e PB sobre a PC do íleo (PCI). Dentro do nível de 20,0% de PB, o nível de 16,0% de LAC proporcionou maior PCI dos leitões. No nível de 24,0% de PB não houve alterações na PCI com a suplementação de LAC. Para a RVC no íleo (RVCI) também foi observado efeito interativo (P<0,001). Entretanto, no nível de 20,0% de PB as RVCI foram semelhantes. Já para a concentração de 24,0% de PB, os níveis de 12,0% e 16,0% de LAC proporcionaram maior RVCI. Em conclusão, o consumo de ração com 20,0% de PB resulta em maior GPD e CRD de leitões dos 21 aos 35 dias de idade, comparado ao consumo de 24,0% de PB. Em rações com 20,0% de PB, a inclusão de 12,0% de LAC proporciona maior AV no duodeno. A inclusão de 12,0% de LAC em rações com 24,0% de PB resulta em maior AV no jejuno e íleo e maior RVC no íleo dos leitões. A LAC tem maior potencial de efeito sobre morfometria intestinal de leitões consumindo rações com 24,0% de PB.
A hundred forty-four crossbred castrated male and female (initial BW=7.17 ± 0.97 kg) were randomly distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, where 2 crude protein (CP) levels (20.0 and 24.0%) and 3 levels of lactose (LAC) (8.0, 12.0 and 16.0%) were the main factors, with 8 replicates per treatment and 3 animals per experimental unit. The experimental treatments were: 20.0% CP and 8.0% LAC; 20.0% CP and 12.0% LAC; 20.0% PB and 16.0% LAC; 24.0% CP and 8.0% LAC; 24.0% CP and 12.0% LAC; 24.0% CP and 16.0% LAC. There were no interactions (P=0,943) between CP and LAC levels of diets on feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) (P=0,910). Piglets that received diets with 20.0% CP had higher feed intake (P=0,008) and higher ADG (P<0,05) compared to animals fed with 24.0% CP. Piglets fed with 20.0% CP had higher (P<0,05) average weight at 35 days, regardless of the level of LAC. Piglets fed diets with 20% CP had a lower concentration of serum urea (P<0,001). There were interactions (P=0,006) between the PB and LAC levels on duodenal villus height (DVH). Animals fed with 20.0% of PB presented higher DVH with 12.0 or 16.0% of LAC. On the other hand, animals that were fed with 24.0% of PB had greater DVH with the level of 16.0% of LAC. No interactions (P=0,095) were observed between CP and LAC levels on duodenal crypt depth (DCD). A reduction (P=0,010) was observed in DCD with 12.0 and 16.0% of LAC. Animals fed with 20.0% of CP presented higher DCD (P=0,020). LAC levels influenced (P<0,001) the duodenal villus:crypt ratio (DVCR). Levels of 12.0% and 16.0% of LAC increased VCR. On jejunum, there was interaction between CP and LAC levels on JVH (P = 0.001), where 12.0% of LAC increased JVH of animals fed with 24.0% CP. However, no differences were observed between JVH of animals that consumed 20.0% of CP. Jejunum crypt depth (JCD) was not influenced (P=0,540) by CP and LAC levels. No interaction (P=0,180) was observed between CP and LAC levels on jejunal villus:crypt ratio (JVCR). Supplementation of 12.0 and 16.0% LAC increased (P<0.001) JVCR, but did not differ from each other. Piglets fed with 20.0% CP had higher JVCR (P=0,029) than those that received 24.0% CP. On ileum, an interaction was observed (P=0,007) in ileal villus height (IVH). Evaluating LAC levels, when 20.0% CP level was supplemented, a higher IVH was observed with 16.0% LAC. On the other hand, piglets supplemented with 24.0% of CP showed higher IVH with 12.0 and 16.0% of LAC. Interaction (P=0,038) was observed between CP and LAC levels on ileal crypt depth (ICD). At the level of 20.0% of CP, 16.0% of LAC increased ICD of piglets. When 24.0% CP was supplemented, there were no changes in ICD with LAC consumption. Interaction were also observed on IVCR (P<0.001). However, at the level of 20.0% of CP, IVCR were similar. At concentration of 24.0% of CP, 12.0% and 16.0% of LAC levels provided higher VCR. In conclusion, the piglets received diets with 20.0% of CP present higher ADG and feed intake than the animals consuming 24.0% of CP. The inclusion of 12.0% of LAC in diets with 20.0% of CP results in higher VH in the duodenum. In diets with 24.0% CP, the inclusion of 12.0% of LAC provides a higher VH in the jejunum and ileum and higher VCR in the ileum of the piglets. LAC has a greater potential for effect on the intestinal morphometry of piglets consuming diets with 24.0% CP.
A hundred forty-four crossbred castrated male and female (initial BW=7.17 ± 0.97 kg) were randomly distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, where 2 crude protein (CP) levels (20.0 and 24.0%) and 3 levels of lactose (LAC) (8.0, 12.0 and 16.0%) were the main factors, with 8 replicates per treatment and 3 animals per experimental unit. The experimental treatments were: 20.0% CP and 8.0% LAC; 20.0% CP and 12.0% LAC; 20.0% PB and 16.0% LAC; 24.0% CP and 8.0% LAC; 24.0% CP and 12.0% LAC; 24.0% CP and 16.0% LAC. There were no interactions (P=0,943) between CP and LAC levels of diets on feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) (P=0,910). Piglets that received diets with 20.0% CP had higher feed intake (P=0,008) and higher ADG (P<0,05) compared to animals fed with 24.0% CP. Piglets fed with 20.0% CP had higher (P<0,05) average weight at 35 days, regardless of the level of LAC. Piglets fed diets with 20% CP had a lower concentration of serum urea (P<0,001). There were interactions (P=0,006) between the PB and LAC levels on duodenal villus height (DVH). Animals fed with 20.0% of PB presented higher DVH with 12.0 or 16.0% of LAC. On the other hand, animals that were fed with 24.0% of PB had greater DVH with the level of 16.0% of LAC. No interactions (P=0,095) were observed between CP and LAC levels on duodenal crypt depth (DCD). A reduction (P=0,010) was observed in DCD with 12.0 and 16.0% of LAC. Animals fed with 20.0% of CP presented higher DCD (P=0,020). LAC levels influenced (P<0,001) the duodenal villus:crypt ratio (DVCR). Levels of 12.0% and 16.0% of LAC increased VCR. On jejunum, there was interaction between CP and LAC levels on JVH (P = 0.001), where 12.0% of LAC increased JVH of animals fed with 24.0% CP. However, no differences were observed between JVH of animals that consumed 20.0% of CP. Jejunum crypt depth (JCD) was not influenced (P=0,540) by CP and LAC levels. No interaction (P=0,180) was observed between CP and LAC levels on jejunal villus:crypt ratio (JVCR). Supplementation of 12.0 and 16.0% LAC increased (P<0.001) JVCR, but did not differ from each other. Piglets fed with 20.0% CP had higher JVCR (P=0,029) than those that received 24.0% CP. On ileum, an interaction was observed (P=0,007) in ileal villus height (IVH). Evaluating LAC levels, when 20.0% CP level was supplemented, a higher IVH was observed with 16.0% LAC. On the other hand, piglets supplemented with 24.0% of CP showed higher IVH with 12.0 and 16.0% of LAC. Interaction (P=0,038) was observed between CP and LAC levels on ileal crypt depth (ICD). At the level of 20.0% of CP, 16.0% of LAC increased ICD of piglets. When 24.0% CP was supplemented, there were no changes in ICD with LAC consumption. Interaction were also observed on IVCR (P<0.001). However, at the level of 20.0% of CP, IVCR were similar. At concentration of 24.0% of CP, 12.0% and 16.0% of LAC levels provided higher VCR. In conclusion, the piglets received diets with 20.0% of CP present higher ADG and feed intake than the animals consuming 24.0% of CP. The inclusion of 12.0% of LAC in diets with 20.0% of CP results in higher VH in the duodenum. In diets with 24.0% CP, the inclusion of 12.0% of LAC provides a higher VH in the jejunum and ileum and higher VCR in the ileum of the piglets. LAC has a greater potential for effect on the intestinal morphometry of piglets consuming diets with 24.0% CP.
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SOARES, Marcos Henrique. Níveis de proteína bruta e lactose em rações para leitões desmamados. 2018. 22 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2018.