Produtividade do feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) em sistema de plantio direto e plantio convencional em sucessão ao milho-grão e milho-ensilagem
Arquivos
Data
2025-03-06
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Em condições de sequeiro, a produtividade agrícola pode ser menor nos sistemas de plantio convencional (CONV), em relação ao sistema plantio direto (SPD). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento, o crescimento e a produtividade do feijão nos SPD e CONV, após o monocultivo de milho-grão e milho-silagem, bem como após o consórcio de milho com a braquiária. Acredita-se que em sequeiro, o SPD após o cultivo de milho para grãos e/ou para silagem proporciona adequado crescimento, desenvolvimento e aumento de produtividade do feijão, em relação ao CONV. As variáveis avaliadas neste estudo foram, altura da planta (AP), área foliar (AF), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), comprimento de raiz (CR), profundidade de raiz (PR), massa seca de raiz (MSR), número de vagens (NV) e produtividade (PROD). A precipitação durante o ciclo da cultura foi de 81 mm em 2021, 107 mm em 2023 e 306 mm em 2024. 2024 teve as maiores AP (50,5–52 cm), AF (1.020–1.245 cm2) e MSPA (11,2–15,4 g/planta), em comparação a 2023 e 2021. Em 2021 se registraram as menores APs (26,3–44,6 cm) e MSPA, com diferenças entre os sistemas (11,7 g/planta no SPD e 9,4 g/planta no CONV). Em 2021, a PR foi maior (13–17 cm) do que em 2024 (7,3–8,9 cm), porém, a MSR foi menor em 2021 (0,8–1,2 g/planta) em comparação a 2024 (1–1,8 g/planta). Nas áreas de milho-grão, a PROD variou de 2.735 a 2.863 kg/ha em 2021 e 2024. Já nas áreas de milho-silagem, a PROD foi de 1.427 kg/ha no CONV e 1.776 kg/ha no SPD em 2021, enquanto em 2024, a PROD foi maior no CONV (2.237 kg/ha) em comparação ao SPD (2053 kg.ha-1). O consórcio milho-braquiária no SPD atenuou os impactos do déficit hídrico, promovendo maior crescimento na parte aérea das plantas. Além disso, a cultura antecessora teve maior influência nas variáveis, com melhor desempenho sendo observado nas áreas de milho-grão. Estes resultados destacam o impacto da precipitação e das culturas antecessoras no crescimento e produtividade do feijão, ressaltando a importância de ajustar as práticas agrícolas às condições climáticas. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris L; Sucessão de Culturas; Preparo do Solo; Sistemas de Cultivo.
Under rainfed conditions, agricultural productivity can be lower in conventional planting systems (CONV) compared to the no-till system (SPC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the development, growth, and productivity of common beans in SPC and CONV, following monocropping of grain maize and silage maize, as well as after intercropping maize with brachiaria. It is believed that under rainfed conditions, SPC after maize cultivation for grain and/or silage provides adequate growth, development, and increased bean productivity compared to CONV. The variables evaluated in this study were plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), shoot dry mass (SDM), root length (RL), root depth (RD), root dry mass (RDM), number of pods (NP), and productivity (PROD). Precipitation during the crop cycle was 81 mm in 2021, 107 mm in 2023, and 306 mm in 2024. 2024 had the highest PH (50.5–52 cm), LA (1,020–1,245 cm²) and SDM (11.2–15.4 g/plant), compared to 2023 and 2021. The lowest PHs (26.3–44.6 cm) and SDM were recorded in 2021, with differences between the systems (11.7 g/plant in SPC and 9.4 g/plant in CONV). In 2021, RD was greater (13–17 cm) than in 2024 (7.3–8.9 cm), however, RDM was lower in 2021 (0.8–1.2 g/plant) compared to 2024 (1–1.8 g/plant). In the grain maize areas, PROD ranged from 2,735 to 2,863 kg/ha in 2021 and 2024. In the silage maize areas, PROD was 1,427 kg/ha in CONV and 1,776 kg/ha in SPC in 2021, while in 2024, PROD was higher in CONV (2,237 kg/ha) compared to SPC (2,053 kg ha?¹). Maize- brachiaria intercropping in SPC mitigated the impacts of water deficit, promoting greater shoot growth in plants. Furthermore, the preceding crop had a greater influence on the variables, with better performance observed in the grain maize areas. These results highlight the impact of precipitation and preceding crops on bean growth and productivity, emphasizing the importance of adjusting agricultural practices to climatic conditions. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L; Crop Succession; Soil Preparation; Cultivation Systems.
Under rainfed conditions, agricultural productivity can be lower in conventional planting systems (CONV) compared to the no-till system (SPC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the development, growth, and productivity of common beans in SPC and CONV, following monocropping of grain maize and silage maize, as well as after intercropping maize with brachiaria. It is believed that under rainfed conditions, SPC after maize cultivation for grain and/or silage provides adequate growth, development, and increased bean productivity compared to CONV. The variables evaluated in this study were plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), shoot dry mass (SDM), root length (RL), root depth (RD), root dry mass (RDM), number of pods (NP), and productivity (PROD). Precipitation during the crop cycle was 81 mm in 2021, 107 mm in 2023, and 306 mm in 2024. 2024 had the highest PH (50.5–52 cm), LA (1,020–1,245 cm²) and SDM (11.2–15.4 g/plant), compared to 2023 and 2021. The lowest PHs (26.3–44.6 cm) and SDM were recorded in 2021, with differences between the systems (11.7 g/plant in SPC and 9.4 g/plant in CONV). In 2021, RD was greater (13–17 cm) than in 2024 (7.3–8.9 cm), however, RDM was lower in 2021 (0.8–1.2 g/plant) compared to 2024 (1–1.8 g/plant). In the grain maize areas, PROD ranged from 2,735 to 2,863 kg/ha in 2021 and 2024. In the silage maize areas, PROD was 1,427 kg/ha in CONV and 1,776 kg/ha in SPC in 2021, while in 2024, PROD was higher in CONV (2,237 kg/ha) compared to SPC (2,053 kg ha?¹). Maize- brachiaria intercropping in SPC mitigated the impacts of water deficit, promoting greater shoot growth in plants. Furthermore, the preceding crop had a greater influence on the variables, with better performance observed in the grain maize areas. These results highlight the impact of precipitation and preceding crops on bean growth and productivity, emphasizing the importance of adjusting agricultural practices to climatic conditions. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L; Crop Succession; Soil Preparation; Cultivation Systems.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Feijão - Cultivo, Rotação de culturas agrícolas, Produtividade agrícola
Citação
SANTANA, Ana Paula da Silva. Produtividade do feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) em sistema de plantio direto e plantio convencional em sucessão ao milho-grão e milho-ensilagem. 2025. 35 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
