Análise da influência da variabilidade oceânica no clima da América do Sul durante o Holoceno
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O Holoceno é uma época geológica que compreende o intervalo mais recente da história da superfície terrestre. Durante o Holoceno variações na insolação forçadas pela mudança na precessão têm influenciado a distribuição dos elementos climáticos e causado mudanças abruptas na América do Sul. O Holoceno, por sua vez, é dividido em três subintervalos: inicial, médio e tardio. As reconstruções paleoclimáticas são conduzidas principalmente com utilização de registros proxies que fornecem informações climáticas passadas. Importante salientar que estas mudanças são influenciadas pelas mudanças na temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM) que alteram os padrões de teleconexões. As teleconexões são conexões entre duas anomalias climáticas não frequentes, que ocorrem entre duas regiões distantes. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar como os modos de variabilidade climática (ENSO e AMO) influenciaram a distribuição de temperatura e precipitação na América do Sul em determinados períodos do Holoceno (9000, 6000, 3000, 2000 e 1000 anos AP) comparando com reconstruções feitas por proxies. Para a realização deste estudo, foram utilizados os dados do passado do modelo trace-21ka, enquanto para o presente foram utilizados o modelo Era5 Land e NOAA. Para análise dos dados climáticos foi utilizado a técnica Teleconexões Ortogonais Empíricas (TOE) para a determinação dos padrões dominantes de teleconexões obtidos através dos modelos. O modelo mostrou que a associação da correlação da temperatura e precipitação da América do sul eram menores que o presente. Essa associação sugere que o El Niño está influenciando no aumento temperatura na região norte do Brasil e extremo norte do continente e em contrapartida, o efeito oposto ocorrer na região do extremo sul, ou seja, ocasiona a redução da temperatura. Já para a precipitação, a associação do El Niño está relacionada ao aumento da precipitação na região extremo sul do continente e sudeste do Brasil, enquanto na região norte do Brasil a uma redução da precipitação devido aos valores de correlação negativa. Já durante o AMO, essa associação sugere que esse fenômeno ocasionou aumento da temperatura nas regiões norte do Brasil e extremo norte do continente devido aos valores de correlação positiva, em contrapartida, ocasiona queda da precipitação na região do extremo sul. Em relação a precipitação, na região norte do Brasil houve o aumento da precipitação devido a influência do AMO. No entanto na região nordeste ocorreu uma inversão desse fenômeno, ou seja, provocou aqueda da precipitação. Pela análise do EOT, observamos que o El Niño durante os períodos 9150- 8850, 6150-5850, 3150-2850, 2150-1850 e 1150-0850 AP era menos intenso, representando pelos domínios das variâncias de 52,21%, 50,51%, 48,25%, 49,91% e 50,01%. Já para o AMO a variância explicada foi 50,9%, 44,1%, 25,19%, 45,92 e 42,44% da variância explicada. Dessa maneira, conclui-se que o modelo é uma boa ferramenta para avaliar a sucessão climática da América do Sul. Palavras chaves: América do Sul; Holoceno; Variabilidade Climática; Linha de pesquisa: Mudanças climáticas.
During the Holocene variations in insolation forced by the change in precession have influenced the distribution of climatic elements and caused abrupt changes in South America. The Holocene, in turn, is divided into three subintervales: early, middle and late. Paleoclimatic reconstructions are conducted mainly using proxies that provide past climate information. It is important to note that these changes are influenced by changes in sea surface temperature (SST) that alter the patterns of teleconnections. Teleconnections are connections between two uncommon climatic anomalies that occur between two distant regions. Given the above, the objective of this work is to investigate how the modes of climate variability (ENSO and AMO) influenced the distribution of temperature and precipitation in South America in certain periods of the Holocene (9000, 6000, 3000, 2000 and 1000 years AP) compared with reconstructions made by proxies. For this study, data from the past of the trace-21ka model were used, while for the present the Era5 Land and NOAA models were used. For the analysis of the climatic data, the Teleconnections Orthogonal Empirical (TOE) technique was used to determine the dominant patterns of teleconnections obtained through the models. The model showed that the correlation association of temperature and precipitation of South America were lower than the present one. This association suggests that El Niño is influencing the temperature increase in the northern region of Brazil and the extreme north of the continent and in contrast, the opposite effect occurs in the extreme south region, that is, it causes the temperature reduction. For precipitation, the association of El Niño is related to increased precipitation in the extreme southern region of the continent and southeastern Brazil, while in the northern region of Brazil to a reduction in precipitation due to negative correlation values. During the AMO, this association suggests that this phenomenon caused an increase in temperature in the northern regions of Brazil and the extreme north of the continent due to the positive correlation values, in contrast, causes a fall in precipitation in the extreme south region. Regarding precipitation, in the northern region of Brazil there was an increase in precipitation due to the influence of AMO. However in the northeastern region there was an inversion of this phenomenon, that is, it caused heated precipitation. Through the TEO analysis, we observed that El Niño during the periods 9150-8850, 6150-5850, 3150-2850, 2150-1850 and 1150-0850 AP was less intense, representing the domains of variances of 52.21%, 50.51%, 48.25%, 49.91% and 50.01%. For the AMO the explained variance was 50.9%, 44.1%, 25.19%, 45.92 and 42.44% of the explained variance. Thus, it is concluded that the model is a good tool to evaluate the climate succession of South America. Keywords: South America; Holocene; Climate Variability; Research Line: Climate Change.
During the Holocene variations in insolation forced by the change in precession have influenced the distribution of climatic elements and caused abrupt changes in South America. The Holocene, in turn, is divided into three subintervales: early, middle and late. Paleoclimatic reconstructions are conducted mainly using proxies that provide past climate information. It is important to note that these changes are influenced by changes in sea surface temperature (SST) that alter the patterns of teleconnections. Teleconnections are connections between two uncommon climatic anomalies that occur between two distant regions. Given the above, the objective of this work is to investigate how the modes of climate variability (ENSO and AMO) influenced the distribution of temperature and precipitation in South America in certain periods of the Holocene (9000, 6000, 3000, 2000 and 1000 years AP) compared with reconstructions made by proxies. For this study, data from the past of the trace-21ka model were used, while for the present the Era5 Land and NOAA models were used. For the analysis of the climatic data, the Teleconnections Orthogonal Empirical (TOE) technique was used to determine the dominant patterns of teleconnections obtained through the models. The model showed that the correlation association of temperature and precipitation of South America were lower than the present one. This association suggests that El Niño is influencing the temperature increase in the northern region of Brazil and the extreme north of the continent and in contrast, the opposite effect occurs in the extreme south region, that is, it causes the temperature reduction. For precipitation, the association of El Niño is related to increased precipitation in the extreme southern region of the continent and southeastern Brazil, while in the northern region of Brazil to a reduction in precipitation due to negative correlation values. During the AMO, this association suggests that this phenomenon caused an increase in temperature in the northern regions of Brazil and the extreme north of the continent due to the positive correlation values, in contrast, causes a fall in precipitation in the extreme south region. Regarding precipitation, in the northern region of Brazil there was an increase in precipitation due to the influence of AMO. However in the northeastern region there was an inversion of this phenomenon, that is, it caused heated precipitation. Through the TEO analysis, we observed that El Niño during the periods 9150-8850, 6150-5850, 3150-2850, 2150-1850 and 1150-0850 AP was less intense, representing the domains of variances of 52.21%, 50.51%, 48.25%, 49.91% and 50.01%. For the AMO the explained variance was 50.9%, 44.1%, 25.19%, 45.92 and 42.44% of the explained variance. Thus, it is concluded that the model is a good tool to evaluate the climate succession of South America. Keywords: South America; Holocene; Climate Variability; Research Line: Climate Change.
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GUSMÃO, José Marcos Botelho. Análise da influência da variabilidade oceânica no clima da América do Sul durante o Holoceno. 2024. 61 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Meteorologia Aplicada) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
