Quantificação do volume de madeira empilhada utilizando apenas contagem de toras
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver e validar um método para quantificar o volume sólido de madeira empilhada utilizando apenas a contagem do número de toras e da distribuição diamétrica derivada de inventários florestais, eliminando a necessidade de medições diretas nas pilhas. Para isso, foram utilizados dois conjuntos de dados: um proveniente de inventários pré-corte de povoamentos de eucalipto, que serviu de base para simulações do corte mecanizado com modelos de afilamento, e outro composto por medições diretas de toras empilhadas em campo, aplicando as fórmulas de Smalian e Huber com interpolações. A metodologia parte da premissa de que há aleatoriedade no empilhamento das toras, assim, ora os maiores diâmetros de cada tora estão dispostos para um lado, ora para outro, com isso as distribuições de diâmetro nas duas faces da pilha podem ser estatisticamente iguais, e isto foi confirmado pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, em 124 pilhas avaliadas. O modelo de afilamento de Garay foi selecionado como o mais preciso para simular toras comerciais de 6 metros de comprimento e gerar distribuições empíricas e teóricas dos diâmetros. Foram ajustadas as distribuições estatísticas Johnson SB e Weibull Exponenciada, dentre outras, para avaliar a aderência aos dados da distribuição diamétrica observada. Quatro cenários de aplicação foram avaliados, dois baseados em dados simulados do inventário e dois em dados reais das toras mensuradas. Os erros relativos médios dos volumes estimados variaram de 0,09% a 3,78%, sendo as menores diferenças obtidas com o uso de distribuições teóricas ajustadas, o que evidencia a robustez e precisão do método avaliado neste estudo. Os resultados demonstram que é possível quantificar o volume sólido de pilhas de madeira, dispensando medições in loco nas pilhas de toras, desde que haja as medições de inventário florestal. O uso do método é indicado no caso de necessidade de automação, escalabilidade e redução de custos nos processos de quantificação volumétrica na indústria florestal. Palavras-chave: quantificação volumétrica; modelagem estatística; pilhas de madeira; volume de toras; eucalipto
This study aimed to develop and validate a method to quantify the solid volume of stacked wood using only the count of logs and the diameter distribution derived from forest inventories, eliminating the need for direct measurements in the piles. For this purpose, two datasets were used: one from pre-harvest inventories of eucalyptus stands, which served as the basis for simulations of mechanized cutting with taper models, and another composed of direct field measurements of stacked logs, applying Smalian’s and Huber’s formulas with interpolations. The methodology relies on the premise that there is randomness in the stacking of logs; thus, sometimes the largest diameters of each log are positioned to one side and sometimes to the other, making the diameter distributions on both faces of the pile statistically equivalent, a result confirmed by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test in 124 evaluated piles. Garay’s taper model was selected as the most accurate for simulating commercial logs of 6 meters in length and for generating empirical and theoretical diameter distributions. Statistical distributions such as Johnson SB and Exponentiated Weibull, among others, were fitted to assess adherence to the observed diameter distribution data. Four application scenarios were evaluated: two based on simulated inventory data and two on real measured log data. The mean relative errors of the estimated volumes ranged from 0.09% to 3.78%, with the smallest differences obtained using fitted theoretical distributions, highlighting the robustness and accuracy of the method evaluated in this study. The results demonstrate that it is possible to quantify the solid volume of wood piles without in situ log pile measurements, provided that forest inventory measurements are available. The use of this method is recommended when automation, scalability, and cost reduction are required in volumetric quantification processes in the forest industry. Keywords: volumetric quantification; statistical modeling; stack of wood; log volume; eucalyptus
This study aimed to develop and validate a method to quantify the solid volume of stacked wood using only the count of logs and the diameter distribution derived from forest inventories, eliminating the need for direct measurements in the piles. For this purpose, two datasets were used: one from pre-harvest inventories of eucalyptus stands, which served as the basis for simulations of mechanized cutting with taper models, and another composed of direct field measurements of stacked logs, applying Smalian’s and Huber’s formulas with interpolations. The methodology relies on the premise that there is randomness in the stacking of logs; thus, sometimes the largest diameters of each log are positioned to one side and sometimes to the other, making the diameter distributions on both faces of the pile statistically equivalent, a result confirmed by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test in 124 evaluated piles. Garay’s taper model was selected as the most accurate for simulating commercial logs of 6 meters in length and for generating empirical and theoretical diameter distributions. Statistical distributions such as Johnson SB and Exponentiated Weibull, among others, were fitted to assess adherence to the observed diameter distribution data. Four application scenarios were evaluated: two based on simulated inventory data and two on real measured log data. The mean relative errors of the estimated volumes ranged from 0.09% to 3.78%, with the smallest differences obtained using fitted theoretical distributions, highlighting the robustness and accuracy of the method evaluated in this study. The results demonstrate that it is possible to quantify the solid volume of wood piles without in situ log pile measurements, provided that forest inventory measurements are available. The use of this method is recommended when automation, scalability, and cost reduction are required in volumetric quantification processes in the forest industry. Keywords: volumetric quantification; statistical modeling; stack of wood; log volume; eucalyptus
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SANTOS, Pedro Henrique Fontes dos. Quantificação do volume de madeira empilhada utilizando apenas contagem de toras. 2025. 114 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
