Características ambientais da ocorrência de duas velloziaceaes endêmicas dos campos rupestres da borda leste da Cadeia do Espinhaço
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Data
2020-12-16
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Os campos rupestres correspondem a fitofisionomia vegetal aberta dominante nas partes altas da Cordilheira do Espinhaço com uma das floras mais especialistas e endêmicas dos trópicos e do mundo. Trata-se de uma vegetação com ampla variedade de comunidades vegetais adaptadas à heterogeneidade da paisagem montanhosa em diferentes microambientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o ambiente (solo e topografia), a composição das comunidades, a cobertura e a dinâmica de desenvolvimento de duas Velloziaceaes endêmicas dos campos rupestres da borda Leste do Espinhaço (Barbacenia delicatula LBSm. & Ayensu. and Vellozia ramosissima LB.Sm.). A coleta de dados foi baseada na amostragem de parcelas de 20x50m em áreas de ocorrência natural das espécies. Nas parcelas, os indivíduos de todas as espécies foram identificados e contados. Amostras de solos foram coletados e analisados química e texturalmente. Os solos são muito arenosos, com acidez altíssima e de caráter eletronegativo. Maior teor de bases trocáveis e porcentagem de areia fina correlacionaram-se positivamente com maior número de indivíduos de B. delicatula. Por outro lado, maior teor de Cr e Cd e maior porosidade total correlacionaram-se negativamente com a presença da espécie. A maior riqueza de espécies associada a B. delicatula está relacionada a um maior ângulo de exposição da vertente e maior teor de K, mas o oposto ocorre quando há aumento do pH em KCl. Além disso, a riqueza de espécies nas parcelas aumenta com a altitude. Nas parcelas de estudo de B. delicatula 17.954 indivíduos de 87 espécies (31 endêmicas) foram encontrados. Das 10 espécies com maior valor de importância (VI) apenas três não são endêmicas do Brasil. A diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H’), a dominância de Simpson (C), a equabilidade de Pielou (J’) e a similaridade florística entre as parcelas pelo método de Sorensen (SO) foram 2,98, 0,92, 0,67, 0,47, respectivamente. A porcentagem de cobertura média de B. delicatula na área amostral foi de 0,7902 %. Em um terço das comparações feitas a similaridade foi superior a 50 % demonstrando tendência de algumas espécies coabitarem com B. delicatula. No entanto, a baixa dominância de espécies verificada para o conjunto de dados indica uma grande variação entre as espécies que não são comuns. Nas parcelas de estudo de V. ramosissima 16.961 indivíduos de 90 espécies (65 endêmicas). Na avaliação de V. ramosissima nas subparcelas foram encontrados 999 indivíduos, 490 adultos, 422 juvenis e 87 plântulas. A variação do número de indivíduos verificada entre as duas medições foi de 144 indivíduos, com o decréscimo de 64 adultos e o acréscimo de 182 juvenis e 29 plântulas. Em sete das 12 parcelas o número de adultos é maior em relação aos demais estágios. A variação do número de indivíduos entre as duas medições denota perda no potencial reprodutivo das populações no intervalo de um ano e a renovação das populações pois um número considerável de plântulas e indivíduos jovens foram adicionados. Este estudo é um passo importante para um melhor entendimento do meio ambiente e das comunidades associadas a essas duas espécies endêmicas de Velloziaceae (uma das quais está ameaçada de extinção) nos campos rupestres brasileiros. Os resultados podem auxiliar na proteção desses tipos de habitat e fornecer uma visão sobre a conservação contínua de espécies de plantas endêmicas, servindo como um modelo para estudos futuros de comunidades de plantas em campos rupestres. Palavras-chave: Campos rupestres. Relação solo-vegetação. Estudo de comunidades. Ambientes climax.
The rupestrian glasslands correspond to the open vegetal phytophysiognomy dominant in the high parts of the Cordillera do Espinhaço with one of the most specialized and endemic floras of the tropics and the world. It is a vegetation with a wide variety of plant communities adapted to the heterogeneity of the mountaimmous landscape im different microenvironments. The objective of this work 1s to study the environment (soil and topography), the composition of the communities, the coverage and development dynamics of two endemic Velloziaceaes in the rupestrian grasslands on the eastern edge of Espinhaço (Barbacenia delicatula LBSm. & Ayensu. and Vellozia ramosissima LB. Sm.). Data collection was based on sampling plots of 20 x 50 m in areas of natural occurrence of the species. In the plots, individuals of all species were identified and counted and the soils were collected (to perform chemical analysis and particle size analysis). The sampled soils are very sandy with very high acidity and an electronegative character. Higher content of exchangeable bases and percentage of fine sand were positively correlated with a greater number of B. delicatula, while higher Cr and Cd content and total porosity were negatively correlated with this species. The richness of species are associated with B. delicatula 1s related to a greater slope and a higher K content, but the opposite occurs when there 1s an increase mn pH in KCl]. In addition, the species richness 1n the plots increases with altitude. In the study plots of B. delicatula 17,954 individuals of 87 species were found (31 endemic). Of the 10 species with the highest importance value (VI), only three are not endemic to Brazil. Shannon-Wiener diversity (H9, Simpson's dominance (C), Pielou's equability (J) and the floristic similarity between the plots by the Sorensen method (SO) were 2.98, 0.92, 0.67, 0.47, respectively. The percentage of average coverage of B. delicatula mn the sample area was 0.7902%. In a third of the comparisons made, similarity was higher than 50%, showing a tendency for some species to cohabit with B. delicatula, however, the low species dominance observed for the data set indicates a great variation among species that are not common. In the study plots of V. ramosissima 16,961 individuals of 90 species (65 endemic). In the evaluation of V. ramosissima 1n the subplots, 999 individuals, 490 adults, 422 juveniles and 87 seediings were found. The variation 1n the number of individuals verified between the two measurements was 144 individuals, with a decrease of 64 adults and an increase of 182 juveniles and 29 seedliings. In seven of the 12 plots, the number of adults 1s greater 1n relation to the other stages. The variation in the number of individuals between the two measurements denotes loss mn the reproductive potential of populations 1n the interval of one year and the renewal of populations as a considerable number of seedlings and young individuals were added. This study 1s an important step towards a better understanding of the environment and the communities associated with these two endemic species of Velloziaceae (one of which 1s threatened with extinction) mn Brazilian rock fields. The results can assist 1n the protection of these habitat types and provide insight into the ongoing conservation of endemic plant species, serving as a model for future studies of plant communities in rupestrian grasslands. Keywords: Rupestrian grasslands. Soil-vegetation relationship. Study of communities. Climax environments.
The rupestrian glasslands correspond to the open vegetal phytophysiognomy dominant in the high parts of the Cordillera do Espinhaço with one of the most specialized and endemic floras of the tropics and the world. It is a vegetation with a wide variety of plant communities adapted to the heterogeneity of the mountaimmous landscape im different microenvironments. The objective of this work 1s to study the environment (soil and topography), the composition of the communities, the coverage and development dynamics of two endemic Velloziaceaes in the rupestrian grasslands on the eastern edge of Espinhaço (Barbacenia delicatula LBSm. & Ayensu. and Vellozia ramosissima LB. Sm.). Data collection was based on sampling plots of 20 x 50 m in areas of natural occurrence of the species. In the plots, individuals of all species were identified and counted and the soils were collected (to perform chemical analysis and particle size analysis). The sampled soils are very sandy with very high acidity and an electronegative character. Higher content of exchangeable bases and percentage of fine sand were positively correlated with a greater number of B. delicatula, while higher Cr and Cd content and total porosity were negatively correlated with this species. The richness of species are associated with B. delicatula 1s related to a greater slope and a higher K content, but the opposite occurs when there 1s an increase mn pH in KCl]. In addition, the species richness 1n the plots increases with altitude. In the study plots of B. delicatula 17,954 individuals of 87 species were found (31 endemic). Of the 10 species with the highest importance value (VI), only three are not endemic to Brazil. Shannon-Wiener diversity (H9, Simpson's dominance (C), Pielou's equability (J) and the floristic similarity between the plots by the Sorensen method (SO) were 2.98, 0.92, 0.67, 0.47, respectively. The percentage of average coverage of B. delicatula mn the sample area was 0.7902%. In a third of the comparisons made, similarity was higher than 50%, showing a tendency for some species to cohabit with B. delicatula, however, the low species dominance observed for the data set indicates a great variation among species that are not common. In the study plots of V. ramosissima 16,961 individuals of 90 species (65 endemic). In the evaluation of V. ramosissima 1n the subplots, 999 individuals, 490 adults, 422 juveniles and 87 seediings were found. The variation 1n the number of individuals verified between the two measurements was 144 individuals, with a decrease of 64 adults and an increase of 182 juveniles and 29 seedliings. In seven of the 12 plots, the number of adults 1s greater 1n relation to the other stages. The variation in the number of individuals between the two measurements denotes loss mn the reproductive potential of populations 1n the interval of one year and the renewal of populations as a considerable number of seedlings and young individuals were added. This study 1s an important step towards a better understanding of the environment and the communities associated with these two endemic species of Velloziaceae (one of which 1s threatened with extinction) mn Brazilian rock fields. The results can assist 1n the protection of these habitat types and provide insight into the ongoing conservation of endemic plant species, serving as a model for future studies of plant communities in rupestrian grasslands. Keywords: Rupestrian grasslands. Soil-vegetation relationship. Study of communities. Climax environments.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas rupícolas - Espinhaço, Serra do (MG e BA), Plantas e solos, Comunidades vegetais - Estudo de caso
Citação
MENEZES, Marilia Braz de Carvalho. Características ambientais da ocorrência de duas Velloziaceaes endêmicas dos campos rupestres da borda leste da Cadeia do Espinhaço. 2020. 116 f. Tese (Doutorado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.