Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Pnater): um estudo sobre fóruns, arenas e coalizões em uma política pública
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Data
2022-12-16
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Para o desenvolvimento desta tese recorreu-se à combinação de duas abordagens cognitivas em análise de políticas públicas (ajustes entre os referenciais Global-Setoriais e o Advocacy Coalition Framework), com o objetivo de estudar a evolução da trajetória da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Pnater). As ideias de mediação entre referenciais e de filiação dos atores políticos a crenças, ou a núcleos políticos, propiciando avanços, retrocessos e aprendizados com a Pnater foram averiguadas por entrevistas semiestruturadas com o conjunto de participantes da pesquisa – protagonistas que vivenciaram a concepção, a implantação, as dinâmicas da gestão e da execução da Pnater e cujas trajetórias se remetem a diferentes contextos e períodos na implementação da extensão rural no País. Do total de colaboradores e colaboradoras convidados(as), dezessete auxiliaram nas reflexões sobre a Pnater, compartilhando suas trajetórias, leituras, indicação de protagonistas importantes e perspectivas com a política. O estudo apresenta uma caracterização de diferentes fóruns de ideias que orientaram esta política pública – em torno de quinze – e articula os núcleos de crenças à filiação a diferentes projetos para o desenvolvimento, na perspectiva de demonstrar a motivação da dinâmica das coalizões em torno desta política pública. A longa trajetória de invisibilidade de categorias sociais e culturais alçadas à condição de público da Pnater, institucionalmente, a partir de 2004 demandou por leituras capazes de explicar a relação entre as ideias de tutela pelo Estado e a resiliência de um Projeto autoritário que promoveu o desmantelamento de diversas políticas públicas no quadro recente da história política brasileira. A pesquisa desdobrou-se no objetivo de aprofundar a reflexão sobre a reação à adoção dos princípios originais da Pnater, ao exemplo da agricultura familiar e da transição para a agroecologia, na medida em que esses temas demonstraram sua profunda relação com as concepções de desenvolvimento rural vigentes e em processo de disputa. Com um denso trabalho de revisão bibliográfica, pode-se ratificar a literatura que alerta para a produção de uma crise discursiva a embaçar a distinção entre os projetos democratizante, neoliberal e autoritário, colocando em questão a quem serve um Projeto técnico-burocrático nas formulações do desenvolvimento. Palavras-chave: Extensão rural. Agricultura familiar. Políticas públicas. Abordagens cognitivas.
For the development of this thesis, we resorted to the combination of two cognitive approaches in public policy analysis (adjustments between the Global-Sectorial frameworks and the Advocacy Coalition Framework), with the objective of studying the evolution of the trajectory of the National Policy for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Pnater). The ideas of mediation between references and the affiliation of political actors to beliefs, or political nuclei, providing advances, setbacks and learning from the Pnater were verified through semi-structured interviews with the set of research participants—protagonists who experienced the conception, implementation, management dynamics and execution of Pnater and whose trajectories refer to different contexts and periods in the implementation of rural extension in the country. Of the total number of invited collaborators, seventeen helped in the reflections on Pnater, sharing their trajectories, readings, indication of important protagonists, and perspectives on the policy. The study presents a characterization of the different forums of ideas that guided this public policy—around fifteen— and articulates the groups that believe in the affiliation to different development projects, aiming at demonstrating the motivation of the dynamics of the coalitions around this public policy. The long trajectory of invisibility of social and cultural categories elevated to the condition of Pnater's public, institutionally, since 2004, demanded readings capable of explaining the relationship between the ideas of guardianship by the State and the resilience of an authoritarian project that promoted the dismantling of various public policies in the recent framework of Brazilian political history. The research aimed to deepen the reflection on the reaction to the adoption of Pnater’s original principles, such as family farming and the transition to agroecology, to the extent that these themes have demonstrated their deep relationship with the conceptions of rural development in effect and in dispute. With a dense work of literature review, we can ratify the literature that warns about the production of a discursive crisis that blurs the distinction between democratizing, neoliberal and authoritarian projects, calling into question to whom a technical-bureaucratic project serves in the formulations of development. Keywords: Rural extension. Family agriculture. Public policies. Cognitive approaches.
For the development of this thesis, we resorted to the combination of two cognitive approaches in public policy analysis (adjustments between the Global-Sectorial frameworks and the Advocacy Coalition Framework), with the objective of studying the evolution of the trajectory of the National Policy for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Pnater). The ideas of mediation between references and the affiliation of political actors to beliefs, or political nuclei, providing advances, setbacks and learning from the Pnater were verified through semi-structured interviews with the set of research participants—protagonists who experienced the conception, implementation, management dynamics and execution of Pnater and whose trajectories refer to different contexts and periods in the implementation of rural extension in the country. Of the total number of invited collaborators, seventeen helped in the reflections on Pnater, sharing their trajectories, readings, indication of important protagonists, and perspectives on the policy. The study presents a characterization of the different forums of ideas that guided this public policy—around fifteen— and articulates the groups that believe in the affiliation to different development projects, aiming at demonstrating the motivation of the dynamics of the coalitions around this public policy. The long trajectory of invisibility of social and cultural categories elevated to the condition of Pnater's public, institutionally, since 2004, demanded readings capable of explaining the relationship between the ideas of guardianship by the State and the resilience of an authoritarian project that promoted the dismantling of various public policies in the recent framework of Brazilian political history. The research aimed to deepen the reflection on the reaction to the adoption of Pnater’s original principles, such as family farming and the transition to agroecology, to the extent that these themes have demonstrated their deep relationship with the conceptions of rural development in effect and in dispute. With a dense work of literature review, we can ratify the literature that warns about the production of a discursive crisis that blurs the distinction between democratizing, neoliberal and authoritarian projects, calling into question to whom a technical-bureaucratic project serves in the formulations of development. Keywords: Rural extension. Family agriculture. Public policies. Cognitive approaches.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Política pública - Análise, Extensão rural - Política governamental, Agricultura familiar, Política pública
Citação
GOLLO, Alexandre Magno Lopes. Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Pnater): um estudo sobre fóruns, arenas e coalizões em uma política pública. 2022. 262 f. Tese (Doutorado em Extensão Rural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.