A Universidade Federal de Viçosa e a lei do boi (1968-1985): política de acesso ou política de exclusão?
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Tendo em vista o contexto do Regime Civil-Militar (1964-1985) e as políticas públicas voltadas para o campo educacional implementadas durante o referido período histórico, esta pesquisa visa inserir a discussão sobre as políticas públicas voltadas para o ensino superior brasileiro, com enfoque sobre a Lei Federal nº 5.465, de 1968, no campo de pesquisa sobre a História da Educação, especialmente sobre a história da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). A lei, vulgarmente denominada como ‘Lei do boi’, previa a reserva de vagas nos estabelecimentos de ensino agrícola pertencentes à União, estabelecendo a destinação de 50% (cinquenta por cento) das vagas, dos cursos de agronomia e medicina veterinária, para os filhos de agricultores, proprietários ou não de terras, que residissem com suas famílias na zona rural e 30% (trinta por cento) para candidatos filhos de agricultores, proprietários ou não de terras, que residissem em cidades ou vilas que não possuíssem estabelecimentos de ensino médio. Partimos das seguintes questões: como se deu a implantação da Lei Federal nº 5.465/1968 na UFV? Quem foram os seus beneficiários? O objetivo desta investigação consistiu em verificar a efetividade de tal lei na UFV enquanto instrumento de ampliação do acesso dos jovens filhos de pequenos proprietários rurais ou de trabalhadores rurais ao ensino superior, no momento em que a sociedade e, em especial, o movimento estudantil, demandavam mais vagas para o ensino superior. Para tal, recorreremos ao Registro Escolar da instituição para identificar o perfil socioeconômico dos ingressantes via ‘lei do boi’, através da análise dos documentos apresentados pelos mesmos no ato da matrícula. Por fim, identificamos como perfil, estudantes vinculados a propriedades médias e grandes, vindos das regiões Nordeste, Centro-Oeste, Sul, mas principalmente Sudeste. Concluímos que nossos dados sugerem a prevalência de jovens filhos de grandes proprietários rurais dentre os que tiveram o acesso ao Ensino Superior facilitado pela Lei do Boi. A maioria desses jovens era proveniente do sudeste brasileiro e vinculados à propriedades de médio ou grande porte. Os dados indicam ainda a coerência da efetivação da referida Lei com a então política nacional de formação de técnicos agrícolas de nível superior. Palavras-chave: Lei Federal nº 5.465/1968. Lei do Boi. Ensino Superior. Regime Civil-Militar. UFV.
Considering the context of the Civil-Military Regime (1964-1985) and the public policies aimed at the educational field implemented during that historical period, this research aims to insert the discussion about the public policies aimed at Brazilian higher education, focusing on the Federal Law No. 5.465 of 1968, in the field of research on the History of Education, especially on the history of the Federal University of Viçosa. The law, commonly known as the 'Law of the ox', provided for the reservation of vacancies in agricultural schools belonging to the Union, establishing the allocation of 50% (fifty percent) of vacancies in agronomy and veterinary medicine courses for the children of farmers, landowners or not, who lived with their families in rural areas, and 30% (thirty percent) for candidates who were children of farmers, landowners or not, who lived in cities or towns that had no high school establishments. We started with the following questions: How was the implementation of Federal Law 5.465/1968 at the Federal University of Viçosa? Who were its beneficiaries? The objective of this investigation was to verify the effectiveness of this law at the Federal University of Viçosa as an instrument to increase the access of young children of small rural landowners or rural workers to higher education, at a time when society and, especially, the student movement, were demanding more openings in higher education. To this end, we will resort to the institution's School Register to identify the socioeconomic profile of those entering via the "lei do boi", through the analysis of the documents presented by them at the time of enrollment. Finally, we identified as profile, students linked to medium and large properties, coming from the Northeast, Midwest, South, but mainly Southeast regions. We conclude that our data suggest the prevalence of young sons of large landowners among those who had access to Higher Education facilitated by the Law of the Ox. Most of these young people were from southeastern Brazil and linked to medium or large farms. The data also indicate the coherence of the effectiveness of the referred law with the national policy of formation of agricultural technicians. Keywords: Federal Law No. 5.465/1968. Law of the Ox. Higher Education. Civil-Military Regime. UFV.
Considering the context of the Civil-Military Regime (1964-1985) and the public policies aimed at the educational field implemented during that historical period, this research aims to insert the discussion about the public policies aimed at Brazilian higher education, focusing on the Federal Law No. 5.465 of 1968, in the field of research on the History of Education, especially on the history of the Federal University of Viçosa. The law, commonly known as the 'Law of the ox', provided for the reservation of vacancies in agricultural schools belonging to the Union, establishing the allocation of 50% (fifty percent) of vacancies in agronomy and veterinary medicine courses for the children of farmers, landowners or not, who lived with their families in rural areas, and 30% (thirty percent) for candidates who were children of farmers, landowners or not, who lived in cities or towns that had no high school establishments. We started with the following questions: How was the implementation of Federal Law 5.465/1968 at the Federal University of Viçosa? Who were its beneficiaries? The objective of this investigation was to verify the effectiveness of this law at the Federal University of Viçosa as an instrument to increase the access of young children of small rural landowners or rural workers to higher education, at a time when society and, especially, the student movement, were demanding more openings in higher education. To this end, we will resort to the institution's School Register to identify the socioeconomic profile of those entering via the "lei do boi", through the analysis of the documents presented by them at the time of enrollment. Finally, we identified as profile, students linked to medium and large properties, coming from the Northeast, Midwest, South, but mainly Southeast regions. We conclude that our data suggest the prevalence of young sons of large landowners among those who had access to Higher Education facilitated by the Law of the Ox. Most of these young people were from southeastern Brazil and linked to medium or large farms. The data also indicate the coherence of the effectiveness of the referred law with the national policy of formation of agricultural technicians. Keywords: Federal Law No. 5.465/1968. Law of the Ox. Higher Education. Civil-Military Regime. UFV.
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CARVALHO, Thaís Carneiro. A Universidade Federal de Viçosa e a lei do boi (1968-1985): política de acesso ou política de exclusão?. 2021. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
