Efeito de fitorreguladores e de nutrientes na frutificação e na qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos de jabuticabeira 'Sabará'
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A jabuticabeira ‘Sabará’ produz frutos pequenos e rapidamente perecíveis; consequentemente, são necessários estudos relacionados ao aumento da fixação e do tamanho dos frutos, assim como relacionados ao manejo pós-colheita, visando à extensão da conservação pós-colheita dos mesmos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar o efeito da aplicação pré-colheita de diferentes concentrações de ácido 1-naftalenoacético (ANA) e ácido giberélico (GA 3 ) sobre a fixação, o tamanho e a qualidade após a colheita dos frutos de jabuticabeira ‘Sabará’; estudar o efeito da aplicação pré-colheita de cloreto de cálcio (CaCl 2 ) e boro sobre as características pós-colheita e a extensão do período de armazenamento dos frutos de jabuticabeira ‘Sabará’ armazenados a 10 °C; e avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de CaCl 2 e metil jasmonato (MJ) em pós-colheita, associados com atmosfera modificada e armazenamento em temperatura ambiente ou a 10 °C, sobre as características de qualidade e a extensão do período de armazenamento dos frutos de jabuticabeira ‘Sabará’. Num primeiro experimento, a aplicação pré-colheita de ANA na concentração de 53,5 mg L -1 proporcionou menor produção total de frutos; já a concentração de 54,5 mg L -1 de GA 3 proporcionou uma fixação de frutos máxima. A aplicação de GA 3 a 75 mg L -1 resultou na obtenção de frutos com maior massa total. O ANA e o GA 3 não influenciaram a qualidade após a colheita da jabuticaba. No segundo estudo, em que cloreto de cálcio e boro foram aplicados na pré- colheita, observou-se melhor manutenção da qualidade geral após a colheita nos frutos tratados com 5 g L -1 de CaCl 2 , 5 g L -1 de CaCl 2 + 0,3 g L -1 de B e 10 g L -1 de CaCl 2 . Já no terceiro experimento, os frutos tratados com MJ e armazenados à temperatura ambiente mantiveram a melhor qualidade geral e tiveram a incidência de podridões e a perda de massa fresca reduzidas em comparação ao controle, mantendo-os aptos para o consumo até o quinto dia de armazenamento. Nesses aspectos, o MJ foi mais eficaz que o cloreto de cálcio. No quarto e último estudo, em que jabuticabas tratadas com cálcio e MJ foram armazenadas a 10 °C, os frutos de todos os tratamentos mantiveram-se em condições de consumo até o décimo segundo dia de armazenamento refrigerado, com nota superior a 3 para qualidade visual, o que corresponde a fruto comercializável. Os tratamentos com 0,112 g L -1 e 0,224 g L -1 de MJ e 20 e 40 g L -1 de CaCl 2 preservaram a qualidade geral dos frutos e reduziram a incidência de podridão por maior tempo, comparados aos frutos não tratados.
The 'Sabará' jabuticaba tree produces small and rapidly perishable fruits; consequently, studies related to the increase of the fixation and the size of the fruits are necessary, as well as related to the postharvest management, aiming at the extension of its postharvest conservation. The objectives of this work were: to evaluate the effect of the preharvest application of different concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA) and giberelic acid (GA 3 ) on the fixation, size and quality after harvest the fruits of 'Sabará' jabuticaba tree; to study the effect of preharvest application of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and boron on the postharvest characteristics and the extension of the storage period of the 'Sabará' jabuticaba fruits stored at 10 °C; and to evaluate the effect of the application of different concentrations of CaCl 2 and methyl jasmonate (MJ) in postharvest, associated with modified atmosphere and storage at room temperature or at 10 °C, on the quality characteristics and the extension of storage period of 'Sabará' jabuticaba fruits. In a first experiment, the preharvest application of ANA in the concentration of 53.5 mg L -1 provided lower total fruit production; already the concentration of 54.5 mg L -1 of GA 3 provided maximum fruit fixation. The application of GA 3 at 75 mg L -1 resulted in obtaining fruits with the highest total mass. The ANA and GA 3 did not influenced the quality after the harvest of the jabuticaba. In the second study, in which calcium chloride and boron were applied in the preharvest, it was observed better maintenance of the general quality after harvesting in fruits treated with 5 g L -1 of CaCl 2 , 5 g L -1 of CaCl 2 + 0.3 g L -1 B and 10 g L -1 CaCl 2 . In the third experiment, the fruits treated with MJ and stored at room temperature maintained the best overall quality and had the rot incidence and the fresh mass loss reduced in comparison to the control, keeping them fit for consumption until the fifth day of storage. In these aspects, MJ was more effective than calcium chloride. In the fourth and last study, in which jabuticaba fruits treated with calcium and MJ were stored at 10 °C, the fruits of all treatments remained good for consumption until the 12th day of refrigerated storage, with a grade higher than 3 for visual quality, which corresponds to marketable fruit. The treatments with 0.112 g L -1 and 0.224 g L -1 of MJ and 20g L -1 and 40 g L -1 of CaCl 2 preserved the overall quality of the fruits and reduced the rot incidence for a longer time, compared to the untreated fruits.
The 'Sabará' jabuticaba tree produces small and rapidly perishable fruits; consequently, studies related to the increase of the fixation and the size of the fruits are necessary, as well as related to the postharvest management, aiming at the extension of its postharvest conservation. The objectives of this work were: to evaluate the effect of the preharvest application of different concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA) and giberelic acid (GA 3 ) on the fixation, size and quality after harvest the fruits of 'Sabará' jabuticaba tree; to study the effect of preharvest application of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and boron on the postharvest characteristics and the extension of the storage period of the 'Sabará' jabuticaba fruits stored at 10 °C; and to evaluate the effect of the application of different concentrations of CaCl 2 and methyl jasmonate (MJ) in postharvest, associated with modified atmosphere and storage at room temperature or at 10 °C, on the quality characteristics and the extension of storage period of 'Sabará' jabuticaba fruits. In a first experiment, the preharvest application of ANA in the concentration of 53.5 mg L -1 provided lower total fruit production; already the concentration of 54.5 mg L -1 of GA 3 provided maximum fruit fixation. The application of GA 3 at 75 mg L -1 resulted in obtaining fruits with the highest total mass. The ANA and GA 3 did not influenced the quality after the harvest of the jabuticaba. In the second study, in which calcium chloride and boron were applied in the preharvest, it was observed better maintenance of the general quality after harvesting in fruits treated with 5 g L -1 of CaCl 2 , 5 g L -1 of CaCl 2 + 0.3 g L -1 B and 10 g L -1 CaCl 2 . In the third experiment, the fruits treated with MJ and stored at room temperature maintained the best overall quality and had the rot incidence and the fresh mass loss reduced in comparison to the control, keeping them fit for consumption until the fifth day of storage. In these aspects, MJ was more effective than calcium chloride. In the fourth and last study, in which jabuticaba fruits treated with calcium and MJ were stored at 10 °C, the fruits of all treatments remained good for consumption until the 12th day of refrigerated storage, with a grade higher than 3 for visual quality, which corresponds to marketable fruit. The treatments with 0.112 g L -1 and 0.224 g L -1 of MJ and 20g L -1 and 40 g L -1 of CaCl 2 preserved the overall quality of the fruits and reduced the rot incidence for a longer time, compared to the untreated fruits.
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VITOR, Débora Monique. Efeito de fitorreguladores e de nutrientes na frutificação e na qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos de jabuticabeira 'Sabará'. 2019. 109 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.
