Seleção de genótipos promissores de macaúba a partir de caracteres de produção e de fruto
Arquivos
Data
2024-08-22
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Este estudo visou identificar genótipos de macaúba em uma população, que apresentaram a melhor combinação de características de produção e características biométricas dos frutos, com o intuito de estabelecer um pomar de sementes. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Unidade Experimental de Pesquisa e Extensão- UEPE-Araponga em 1576 genótipos, localizado no Sistema II, provenientes da região de Santa Luzia (MG), composto por dois arranjos espaciais, fileiras simples (FS) com 861 genótipos e fileiras duplas (FD), com 715 genótipos. A partir do estudo da produção de frutos, avaliada de 2020 a 2023, foi feito a estimação de ganhos genéticos utilizando os seguintes critérios: com produção diferente de zero kg/ planta, produção igual ou superior a 20 kg/planta, e os três melhores genótipos em FS e FD. A caracterização biométrica foi realizada nos genótipos com produção igual ou superior a 20 kg/planta. Nos frutos foram medidos: o diâmetro longitudinal do fruto (DLF), o diâmetro transversal do fruto (DTF), a primeira e a segunda espessura do endocarpo para obtenção da espessura média (EMD), o peso seco do epicarpo (PSE), o peso seco da polpa (PSP), o peso seco do endocarpo (PSD), o peso seco da amêndoa (PSA), peso seco do fruto (PSF), o teor de óleo da polpa (TOP) e o índice de massa processada (IMP). Os índices de seleção de Smith e Hazel, Williams, e Mulamba e Mock foram aplicados em dois critérios seletivos com três pesos econômicos: coeficiente de variação genético (CVg), a razão entre o coeficiente de variação genético e o experimental (CVg/CVe), e um (1). Os resultados da análise estatística para produção indicaram existir variabilidade significativa (p = 0,05) entre os genótipos na população. A seleção de genótipos com produção diferente de zero kg/planta resultou nos menores incrementos na média, 27.35% em FS e 5.11% em FD. Seleção de genótipos com produção igual ou superior a 20 kg/planta resultou em ganhos na FS que foram pouco mais do que o dobro dos ganhos observados em FD. Os três melhores genótipos resultaram em ganhos de 275.92% em FS e de 99.73% em FD. Foram observados valores baixos de coeficientes de variação ambiental, altos valores de herdabilidade e altos coeficientes de variação genética para todas as características biométricas e de teor de óleo. As correlações genéticas mais fortes foram observadas entre IMP e DLF (0.98), PSF e PSP (0.92), DTF e DLF (0.87), e PFS e DTF (0.83). A correlação entre IMP e EMD foi baixa e não significativa (0.25), sugerindo que variações no índice de maturação de polpa (IMP) não estão diretamente associadas a variações na espessura da polpa (EMD). O menor ganho total foi observado, no critério I, com o índice Mulamba e Mock com peso CVg/CVe e 1 (133.85%), enquanto que no II foi com o índice de Smith e Hazel e no Williams com peso de CVg/CVe (90.28%). O índice Smith e Hazel utilizando o critério e peso econômico CVg proporcionou os maiores ganhos nos genótipos estudados. Os genótipos 576 (FS), 371 (FS) e 521 (FS) são os promissores a serem inseridos em programas de melhoramento. Palavras-chave: variabilidade genética; diferencial de seleção; parâmetros genéticos; estratégias de seleção.
This study aimed to identify macaúba genotypes in a population that presented the best combination of production characteristics and biometric characteristics of the fruits, with the aim of establishing a seed orchard. The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Research and Extension Unit - UEPE-Araponga in 1576 genotypes, located in System II, from the Santa Luzia region (MG), composed of two spatial arrangements, single rows (FS) with 861 genotypes and double rows (FD), with 715 genotypes. From the study of fruit production, evaluated from 2020 to 2023, the estimation of genetic gains was made using the following criteria: with production other than zero kg/plant, production equal to or greater than 20 kg/plant, and the three best genotypes in FS and FD. Biometric characterization was performed on genotypes with production equal to or greater than 20 kg/plant. The following were measured in the fruits: longitudinal diameter of the fruit (DLF), transverse diameter of the fruit (DTF), first and second thickness of the endocarp to obtain the average thickness (EMD), dry weight of the epicarp (PSE), dry weight of the pulp (PSP), dry weight of the endocarp (PSD), dry weight of the almond (PSA), dry weight of the fruit (PSF), oil content of the pulp (TOP) and processed mass index (IMP). The selection indices of Smith and Hazel, Williams, and Mulamba and Mock were applied in two selective criteria with three economic weights: genetic coefficient of variation (CVg), the ratio between the genetic and experimental coefficient of variation (CVg/CVe), and one (1). The results of the statistical analysis for production indicated significant variability (p = 0.05) among the genotypes in the population. The selection of genotypes with production other than zero kg/plant resulted in the smallest increases in the mean, 27.35% in FS and 5.11% in FD. Selection of genotypes with production equal to or greater than 20 kg/plant resulted in gains in FS that were slightly more than double the gains observed in FD. The three best genotypes resulted in gains of 275.92% in FS and 99.73% in FD. Low values of environmental coefficients of variation, high values of heritability and high coefficients of genetic variation were observed for all biometric and oil content traits. The strongest genetic correlations were observed between IMP and DLF (0.98), PSF and PSP (0.92), DTF and DLF (0.87), and PFS and DTF (0.83). The correlation between IMP and EMD was low and notsignificant (0.25), suggesting that variations in the pulp maturity index (IMP) are not directly associated with variations in pulp thickness (EMD). The lowest total gain was observed, in criterion I, with the Mulamba and Mock index with weight CVg/CVe and 1 (133.85%), while in II it was with the Smith and Hazel index and in Williams with weight of CVg/CVe (90.28%). The Smith and Hazel index using the criterion and economic weight CVg provided the highest gains in the studied genotypes. The genotypes 576 (FS), 371 (FS) and 521 (FS) are promising to be included in breeding programs. Keywords: genetic variability; selection differential; genetic parameters; selection strategies.
This study aimed to identify macaúba genotypes in a population that presented the best combination of production characteristics and biometric characteristics of the fruits, with the aim of establishing a seed orchard. The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Research and Extension Unit - UEPE-Araponga in 1576 genotypes, located in System II, from the Santa Luzia region (MG), composed of two spatial arrangements, single rows (FS) with 861 genotypes and double rows (FD), with 715 genotypes. From the study of fruit production, evaluated from 2020 to 2023, the estimation of genetic gains was made using the following criteria: with production other than zero kg/plant, production equal to or greater than 20 kg/plant, and the three best genotypes in FS and FD. Biometric characterization was performed on genotypes with production equal to or greater than 20 kg/plant. The following were measured in the fruits: longitudinal diameter of the fruit (DLF), transverse diameter of the fruit (DTF), first and second thickness of the endocarp to obtain the average thickness (EMD), dry weight of the epicarp (PSE), dry weight of the pulp (PSP), dry weight of the endocarp (PSD), dry weight of the almond (PSA), dry weight of the fruit (PSF), oil content of the pulp (TOP) and processed mass index (IMP). The selection indices of Smith and Hazel, Williams, and Mulamba and Mock were applied in two selective criteria with three economic weights: genetic coefficient of variation (CVg), the ratio between the genetic and experimental coefficient of variation (CVg/CVe), and one (1). The results of the statistical analysis for production indicated significant variability (p = 0.05) among the genotypes in the population. The selection of genotypes with production other than zero kg/plant resulted in the smallest increases in the mean, 27.35% in FS and 5.11% in FD. Selection of genotypes with production equal to or greater than 20 kg/plant resulted in gains in FS that were slightly more than double the gains observed in FD. The three best genotypes resulted in gains of 275.92% in FS and 99.73% in FD. Low values of environmental coefficients of variation, high values of heritability and high coefficients of genetic variation were observed for all biometric and oil content traits. The strongest genetic correlations were observed between IMP and DLF (0.98), PSF and PSP (0.92), DTF and DLF (0.87), and PFS and DTF (0.83). The correlation between IMP and EMD was low and notsignificant (0.25), suggesting that variations in the pulp maturity index (IMP) are not directly associated with variations in pulp thickness (EMD). The lowest total gain was observed, in criterion I, with the Mulamba and Mock index with weight CVg/CVe and 1 (133.85%), while in II it was with the Smith and Hazel index and in Williams with weight of CVg/CVe (90.28%). The Smith and Hazel index using the criterion and economic weight CVg provided the highest gains in the studied genotypes. The genotypes 576 (FS), 371 (FS) and 521 (FS) are promising to be included in breeding programs. Keywords: genetic variability; selection differential; genetic parameters; selection strategies.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Macaúba - Melhoramento genético, Macaúba - Variedades, Mapeamento cromossômico
Citação
SILVA, Pauliana Aparecida da. Seleção de genótipos promissores de macaúba a partir de caracteres de produção e de fruto. 2024. 50 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.