Caracterização química e avaliação da bioatividade de óleos essenciais e de extratos etanólicos de lúpulos cultivados na Zona da Mata Mineira
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A caracterização dos óleos essenciais (OEs) e extratos etanólicos (EEs) de lúpulos (Humulus lupulus L., variedades Cascade, Comet, Magnum e Zeus) cultivados ineditamente na Zona da Mata Mineira revelou rendimentos de OEs entre 0,05 e 0,25%, compostos majoritariamente por E-cariofileno (9,53–18,60%), mirceno (1,25–18,16%), alfa-humuleno (2,06–26,14%), beta-selineno (3,73–12,61%) e alfa- selineno (2,69–11,22%), com perfil químico distinto para a variedade Zeus. Os teores de alfa- e beta-ácidos variaram, respectivamente, de 2,54 a 9,19% e 0,60 a 2,17% nos pellets, e de 2,54 a 5,58% e 1,11 a 2,87% nos EEs, enquanto os compostos fenólicos variaram entre 845,98 (Cascade) e 1105,43 mg EAG/100 g de massa seca (Comet). Sem citotoxicidade em macrófagos, as amostras exibiram atividade antimicrobiana contra Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis, destacando-se a variedade Zeus pela inibição de biofilmes bacterianos e baixas concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIM de 31,25 µg/mL para S. aureus no OE e EE, e 15,60 µg/mL para E. coli no EE), e a variedade Magnum pelo melhor efeito sinérgico com antibióticos. Adicionalmente, os OEs e EEs apresentaram ação antiviral contra o vírus Mayaro em concentrações não tóxicas para células Vero, demonstrando o promissor potencial bioativo dos lúpulos para as indústrias farmacêutica, alimentícia e biotecnológica, além da cervejeira. Palavras-chave: alfa-ácidos; beta-ácidos; ensaios biológicos; CLAE; CG-EM
The characterization of the essential oils (EOs) and ethanolic extracts (EEs) of hops (Humulus lupulus L., Cascade, Comet, Magnum, and Zeus varieties) cultivated for the first time in the Zona da Mata Mineira region revealed EO yields between 0.05 and 0.25%, predominantly composed of E-caryophyllene (9.53–18.60%), myrcene (1.25–18.16%), alpha-humulene (2.06–26.14%), beta-selinene (3.73–12.61%), and alpha-selinene (2.69–11.22%), with a distinct chemical profile for the Zeus variety. The alpha- and beta-acid contents varied, respectively, from 2.54 to 9.19% and 0.60 to 2.17% in the pellets, and from 2.54 to 5.58% and 1.11 to 2.87% in the EEs, while phenolic compounds ranged from 845.98 (Cascade) to 1105.43 mg GAE/100 g dry weight (Comet). Showing no cytotoxicity in macrophages, the samples exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The Zeus variety stood out for the inhibition of bacterial biofilms and low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC of 31.25 µg/mL for S. aureus in the EO and EE, and 15.60 µg/mL for E. coli in the EE), while the Magnum variety stood out for the best synergistic effect with antibiotics. Additionally, the EOs and EEs presented antiviral action against the Mayaro virus at non-toxic concentrations for Vero cells, demonstrating the promising bioactive potential of hops for the pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnological industries, in addition to the brewing sector. Keywords: alpha-acids; beta-acids; biological assays; HPLC; GC-MS
The characterization of the essential oils (EOs) and ethanolic extracts (EEs) of hops (Humulus lupulus L., Cascade, Comet, Magnum, and Zeus varieties) cultivated for the first time in the Zona da Mata Mineira region revealed EO yields between 0.05 and 0.25%, predominantly composed of E-caryophyllene (9.53–18.60%), myrcene (1.25–18.16%), alpha-humulene (2.06–26.14%), beta-selinene (3.73–12.61%), and alpha-selinene (2.69–11.22%), with a distinct chemical profile for the Zeus variety. The alpha- and beta-acid contents varied, respectively, from 2.54 to 9.19% and 0.60 to 2.17% in the pellets, and from 2.54 to 5.58% and 1.11 to 2.87% in the EEs, while phenolic compounds ranged from 845.98 (Cascade) to 1105.43 mg GAE/100 g dry weight (Comet). Showing no cytotoxicity in macrophages, the samples exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The Zeus variety stood out for the inhibition of bacterial biofilms and low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC of 31.25 µg/mL for S. aureus in the EO and EE, and 15.60 µg/mL for E. coli in the EE), while the Magnum variety stood out for the best synergistic effect with antibiotics. Additionally, the EOs and EEs presented antiviral action against the Mayaro virus at non-toxic concentrations for Vero cells, demonstrating the promising bioactive potential of hops for the pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnological industries, in addition to the brewing sector. Keywords: alpha-acids; beta-acids; biological assays; HPLC; GC-MS
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SILVA, Mayara Stefani Ventura. Caracterização química e avaliação da bioatividade de óleos essenciais e de extratos etanólicos de lúpulos cultivados na Zona da Mata Mineira. 2026. 107 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
