Termodinâmica de Superfluidos de Spin
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Este trabalho investiga a termodinâmica da superfluidez de spin em ferromagnetos com anisotropia de plano-fácil, com o objetivo de compreender a propagação, estabilidade e transporte de excitações coletivas em temperatura finita. A motivação central reside no potencial da superfluidez de spin para aplicações em spintrônica, permitindo transporte de momento angular com baixa dissipação, relevante para dispositivos magnônicos e tecnologias de informação baseadas em spin. Utilizamos o modelo de Heisenberg e o Modelo Sigma Não-Linear para descrever o sistema magnético no regime contínuo, sendo a Aproximação Harmônica Auto-Consistente (AHAC) empregada como ferramenta principal para incorporar efeitos térmicos. Nesse formalismo, as interações são tratadas por meio de um parâmetro de renormalização dependente da temperatura, obtido por equação auto-consistente, permitindo caracterizar flutuações, espectro de excitações e propriedades dinâmicas do sistema. Os resultados mostram que o parâmetro de renormalização decai com a temperatura e colapsa em um valor crítico associado à perda da rigidez do estado ordenado, interpretado como temperatura crítica do sistema. A partir desse comportamento, analisamos a corrente e a condutância de spin, bem como a dispersão e a velocidade crítica dos mágnons para a existência da superfluidez, verificando que soluções coerentes podem persistir até temperaturas elevadas, embora sua estabilidade prática seja limitada por efeitos dissipativos e pela redução da condutância mista de spin e velocidade crítica. Palavras-chave: Spintrônica. Superfluidez. Ferromagnetismo.
This work investigates the thermodynamics of spin superfluidity in ferromagnets with easy-plane anisotropy, aiming to understand the propagation, stability, and transport of collective excitations at finite temperature. The main motivation lies in the potential of spin superfluidity for spintronic applications, enabling the transport of angular momentum with low dissipation, which is relevant for magnonic devices and spin- based information technologies. We employ the Heisenberg model and the Nonlinear Sigma Model to describe the magnetic system in the continuum regime, with the Self- Consistent Harmonic Approximation (SCHA) used as the primary tool to incorporate thermal effects. Within this formalism, interactions are treated through a temperature- dependent renormalization parameter obtained from a self-consistent equation, allowing the characterization of fluctuations, excitation spectra, and dynamical properties of the system. The results show that the renormalization parameter decreases with increasing temperature and collapses at a critical value associated with the loss of rigidity of the ordered state, interpreted as the critical temperature of the system. Based on this behavior, we analyze the spin current and spin conductance, as well as the magnon dispersion and critical velocity required for the existence of superfluidity, showing that coherent solutions may persist up to elevated temperatures, although their practical stability is limited by dissipative effects and by the reduction of the spin mixing conductance and critical velocity. Keywords: Spintronics. Superfluidity. Ferromagnetism.
This work investigates the thermodynamics of spin superfluidity in ferromagnets with easy-plane anisotropy, aiming to understand the propagation, stability, and transport of collective excitations at finite temperature. The main motivation lies in the potential of spin superfluidity for spintronic applications, enabling the transport of angular momentum with low dissipation, which is relevant for magnonic devices and spin- based information technologies. We employ the Heisenberg model and the Nonlinear Sigma Model to describe the magnetic system in the continuum regime, with the Self- Consistent Harmonic Approximation (SCHA) used as the primary tool to incorporate thermal effects. Within this formalism, interactions are treated through a temperature- dependent renormalization parameter obtained from a self-consistent equation, allowing the characterization of fluctuations, excitation spectra, and dynamical properties of the system. The results show that the renormalization parameter decreases with increasing temperature and collapses at a critical value associated with the loss of rigidity of the ordered state, interpreted as the critical temperature of the system. Based on this behavior, we analyze the spin current and spin conductance, as well as the magnon dispersion and critical velocity required for the existence of superfluidity, showing that coherent solutions may persist up to elevated temperatures, although their practical stability is limited by dissipative effects and by the reduction of the spin mixing conductance and critical velocity. Keywords: Spintronics. Superfluidity. Ferromagnetism.
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BARBOSA, Lucas Silva Lopes. Termodinâmica de Superfluidos de Spin. 2026. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
