Identificação de formigas cortadeiras e efeito do desfolhamento simulado em plantios de Eucalyptus grandis
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O conhecimento das espécies de formigas cortadeiras e a sua distribuição nos reflorestamentos de uma empresa são o primeiro passo para que esta possa dar início à implementação dos programas de monitoramento visando obter o manejo desses insetos. Para tal, efetuou- se 0 levantamento das espécies de formigas cortadeiras da tribo Attini no extremo sul da Bahia, nos povoamentos de Eucalyptus grandis da Bahia Sul Celulose S/A, nos municípios de Mucuri e Caravelas. Na região de Mucuri, nos plantios com idades de 6, 16, 68 e 192 meses e numa área com Brachiaria decumbens, foram obtidos valores de 75,01; 140,27: 243,06; 295,83 e 304,17 ninhos de formigas por hectare, respectiva- mente. Na região de Caravelas, nos plantios com 7, 17, 72 e 198 meses, esses valores foram de 47,22; 75,0: 123,61 e 266,67 ninhos por hectare, respectivamente. Nas áreas de plantio mais velho, em ambas as regiões, notou-se número mais elevado de ninhos e de espécies e subespécies. A densidade nesses plantios foi equivalente a encontrada em área de pastagem. As espécies e subespécies encontradas em Mucuri foram: Acromyrmex subterraneus bruneus Forel, Acromyrmex rugosus rugosus F. Smith, Acromyrmex balzani Emery, Acromyrmex coronatus Fabricius, Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, Trachymyrmex sp., Sericomyrmex sp. e Mycocepurus sp.; e em Caravelas: Acromyrmex subterraneus bruneus, Acromyrmex rugosus rugosus, Acromyrmex balzani, Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel, Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans Santschi, Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Trachymyrmex fuscus Emery, Trachymyrmex sp.. Sericomyrmex sp. e Mycocepurus sp. Em outra etapa quantificaram-se as perdas infligidas por formigas cortadeiras, simulando-se seis niveis de desfolhamento em Eucalyptus grandis com seis meses de idade, em Mucuri-BA, e avaliando-se o incremento em diâmetro e altura a cada dois meses, durante o periodo de agosto/94 a março/95. Os resultados demonstraram que apenas o desfolhamento total mostrou-se capaz de reduzir o crescimento em diâmetro e altura. Essas árvores perderam 10,88 mm e 0,72 m no crescimento em diâmetro e altura, respectivamente. Aos 240 dias após a injúria, mesmo sofrendo desfolha total, as árvores já apresentavam altura idêntica aquelas que sofreram desfolha de 50 e 75%. A perda em volume nesse período, para as árvores desfolhadas totalmente, foi de 35,4%; quando extrapolada para uma rotação de sete anos, essa perda reduzir-se-á para 13%.
A knowledge of leaf cutting ants species and their distribution in reflorestation areas is the first step for the implementation of monitoring programs aiming at managing these insects. Hence, data on the species of leaf cutting ants of the Attini tribe were collected at Eucalyptus grandis plantations at the Bahia Sul Celulose S/A in Mucuri and Caravelas, Bahia. At 6, 16, 68 and 192 months old plantations and in a Brachiaria decumbens area in the region of Mucuri values of 75.01, 140.27. 243.06, 295.83 and 304.17 ant nests/hectare were found, respectively. In the Caravelas region in 7, 17, 72 and 198 month old plantations the numbers Of nests/hectare were 47.22, 75.0, 123.61 and 266.67, respectively. In older plantations in both regions, a higher number of nests, species and Subspecies was found. The density in these plantations was equivalent to that found in pastures. The species and subspecies found in Mucuri were: Acromyrmex subterraneus bruneus Forel. Acromyrmex rugosus rugosus F. Smith, Acromyrmex balzani Emery, dcromyrmex coronatus Fabricius, Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, Trachymyrmex sp., Sericomyrmex sp. and Mycocepurus sp..The species and subspecies found in Caravelas were: Acromyrmex subterraneus bruneus, Acromyrmex rugosus rugosus, Acromyrmex balzani, Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel, Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans Santschi. Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Trachymyrmex fuscus Emery, Trachymyrmex sp.. Sericomyrmex sp. and Mycocepurus sp. Also, the losses inflicted by leaf cutting ants were quantified by simulating six defoliation levels in six month old Eucalyptus grandis in Mucuri, Bahia. The increase in tree diameter and height was evaluated every two months during the period from August, 1994 to March, 1995. The results showed that only total defoliation can cause a reduction in diameter and height growth. These trees lost 10,88mm and 0,72m in their diameter and height, respectively. At 240 days after injury, in spite of total defoliation, the trees already presented heights identical to those of trees which had undergone 50 to 75% defoliation. The volume loss in this period for the totally defoliated trees was 35%. This loss will be reduced to 13% when extrapolated for a rotation of 7 years.
A knowledge of leaf cutting ants species and their distribution in reflorestation areas is the first step for the implementation of monitoring programs aiming at managing these insects. Hence, data on the species of leaf cutting ants of the Attini tribe were collected at Eucalyptus grandis plantations at the Bahia Sul Celulose S/A in Mucuri and Caravelas, Bahia. At 6, 16, 68 and 192 months old plantations and in a Brachiaria decumbens area in the region of Mucuri values of 75.01, 140.27. 243.06, 295.83 and 304.17 ant nests/hectare were found, respectively. In the Caravelas region in 7, 17, 72 and 198 month old plantations the numbers Of nests/hectare were 47.22, 75.0, 123.61 and 266.67, respectively. In older plantations in both regions, a higher number of nests, species and Subspecies was found. The density in these plantations was equivalent to that found in pastures. The species and subspecies found in Mucuri were: Acromyrmex subterraneus bruneus Forel. Acromyrmex rugosus rugosus F. Smith, Acromyrmex balzani Emery, dcromyrmex coronatus Fabricius, Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, Trachymyrmex sp., Sericomyrmex sp. and Mycocepurus sp..The species and subspecies found in Caravelas were: Acromyrmex subterraneus bruneus, Acromyrmex rugosus rugosus, Acromyrmex balzani, Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel, Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans Santschi. Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Trachymyrmex fuscus Emery, Trachymyrmex sp.. Sericomyrmex sp. and Mycocepurus sp. Also, the losses inflicted by leaf cutting ants were quantified by simulating six defoliation levels in six month old Eucalyptus grandis in Mucuri, Bahia. The increase in tree diameter and height was evaluated every two months during the period from August, 1994 to March, 1995. The results showed that only total defoliation can cause a reduction in diameter and height growth. These trees lost 10,88mm and 0,72m in their diameter and height, respectively. At 240 days after injury, in spite of total defoliation, the trees already presented heights identical to those of trees which had undergone 50 to 75% defoliation. The volume loss in this period for the totally defoliated trees was 35%. This loss will be reduced to 13% when extrapolated for a rotation of 7 years.
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OLIVEIRA, Marco Antônio de. Identificação de formigas cortadeiras e efeito do desfolhamento simulado em plantios de Eucalyptus grandis. 1995. 61 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 1995.
