Do sutil ao notável: rápidas modificações fenotípicas em Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O processo de domesticação, essencial para o avanço da humanidade, envolve a manutenção controlada de organismos em ambientes distintos do seu habitat. Charles Darwin observou que a domesticação desencadeia modificações fenotípicas, tanto sutis quanto notáveis. Nas ciências biológicas, a domesticação de drosófilas foi fundamental para utilizá-las como modelo de estudos. Este trabalho avaliou 12 linhagens isofêmea de Drosophila sturtevanti Duda, 1927 desde a coleta em campo (G0) até a décima geração (F1 - F10). O presente estudo registrou modificações notáveis (deformações) até F10 e, utilizando morfometria geométrica, identificou mudanças sutis em tamanho e forma das asas dos machos entre G0, F1 e F10. O número de diferenças notáveis não se correlacionou com a intensidade de modificações sutis. O tamanho das asas diminuiu entre F1 e F10, provavelmente pelo aumento da densidade larval. A forma das asas foi avaliada por meio de seus componentes principais (PCs), com PC1 apresentando variação crescente entre as gerações e PC2 mostrando aumento de variação de G0 para F1 e redução de F1 para F10, confirmando o surgimento de modificações sutis e evidenciando a ação da seleção natural durante o processo. Palavras-chave: Domesticação; Morfometria Geométrica; Plasticidade Fenotípica.
The domestication process, essential for the advancement of humanity, involves the controlled maintenance of organisms in environments distinct from their habitat. Charles Darwin observed that domestication triggers both subtle and remarkable phenotypic changes. In the biological sciences, the domestication of Drosophila has been crucial for using them as a model for studies. This study evaluated 12 isofemale lines of Drosophila sturtevanti Duda, 1927, from field collection (G0) to the tenth generation (F1 - F10). The present study recorded notable modifications (deformations) up to F10 and, by using geometric morphometrics, identified subtle changes in size and shape of male wings among G0, F1, and F10. The number of notable differences did not correlate with the intensity of subtle modifications. Wing size decreased between F1 and F10, probably due to increased larval density. Wing shape was evaluated through its principal components (PCs), with PC1 showing increasing variation across generations and PC2 indicating an increase in variation from G0 to F1 and a decrease from F1 to F10, confirming the emergence of subtle modifications and highlighting the action of natural selection during the process. Keywords: Domestication; Geometric Morphometrics; Phenotypic plasticity.
The domestication process, essential for the advancement of humanity, involves the controlled maintenance of organisms in environments distinct from their habitat. Charles Darwin observed that domestication triggers both subtle and remarkable phenotypic changes. In the biological sciences, the domestication of Drosophila has been crucial for using them as a model for studies. This study evaluated 12 isofemale lines of Drosophila sturtevanti Duda, 1927, from field collection (G0) to the tenth generation (F1 - F10). The present study recorded notable modifications (deformations) up to F10 and, by using geometric morphometrics, identified subtle changes in size and shape of male wings among G0, F1, and F10. The number of notable differences did not correlate with the intensity of subtle modifications. Wing size decreased between F1 and F10, probably due to increased larval density. Wing shape was evaluated through its principal components (PCs), with PC1 showing increasing variation across generations and PC2 indicating an increase in variation from G0 to F1 and a decrease from F1 to F10, confirming the emergence of subtle modifications and highlighting the action of natural selection during the process. Keywords: Domestication; Geometric Morphometrics; Phenotypic plasticity.
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DIAS, Luísa de Paula Bouzada. Do sutil ao notável: rápidas modificações fenotípicas em Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae). 2024. 34 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
