Fitotecnia - Artigos

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11742

Coleção de Artigos publicados por Docentes, Técnicos e Discentes vinculados ao departamento de Fitotecnia da UFV.

Navegar

Resultados da Pesquisa

Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 30

Pi statistics underlying the evaluation of stability, adaptability and relation between the genetic structure and homeostasis in popcorn
(Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2010-04) Paula, Thiago Otávio Mendes de; Peternelli, Luiz Alexandre; Amaral Júnior, Antonio Teixeira do; Gonçalves, Leandro Simões Azeredo; Scapim, Carlos Alberto; Silva, Vanessa Quitete Ribeiro da
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between genotypes and environments, evaluate adaptability and stability, and study the relationship between genetic structure and homeostasis. In addition to landrace, the study evaluated recommended genotypes or genotypes in experimental recommendation stages (varieties and hybrids) in three environments in northern and northwestern Rio de Janeiro State. Eight traits were measured, including grain yield and popping expansion. The individual analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all traits at 1% probability. In the combined analysis of variance, the genotype by environment interaction was significant at 1% probability for all traits except ear height. The interaction was simple for all traits except mean number of ears. The method of Lin and Binns detected the most suitable and stable genotypes, and also the most productive. UNB2U-C4 and IAC112 contained the lowest values of general Pi. Of those, UNB2U-C4 contributed least to the interaction, and IAC112 ranked fourth in interaction. UNB2U-C4 stood out with the best adaptation to favorable and unfavorable environments. No association between the genetic structure and stability degree in popcorn was observed.
Herança de caracteres associados à eficiência de utilização do fósforo em milho
(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2010-05) Fritsche-Neto, Roberto; Miranda, Glauco Vieira; DeLima, Rodrigo Oliveira; Souza, Leandro Vagno de; Silva, Jaeveson da
O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os efeitos genéticos que controlam a herança de caracteres associados à eficiência de utilização do fósforo (EUP) em milho e determinar as relações entre esses caracteres. Foi realizado um dialelo entre seis cultivares de milho do qual foram obtidas 15 combinações híbridas. Estas cultivares foram avaliadas em alta e baixa disponibilidade de fósforo, em casa de vegetação e campo. Foram medidas a resposta das plantas à disponibilidade de fósforo (RU) e as características associadas às eficiências de utilização e translocação do nutriente. As combinações híbridas apresentaram interação significativa com a disponibilidade de P, para os caracteres massa de matéria seca da planta (MSP), teor de P na planta (PAP) e razão entre as massas de matéria seca da parte aérea e da raiz (RMS). A interação entre capacidade geral de combinação e RU foi significativa para PAP e RMS e, entre capacidade específica de combinação e RU, para MSP e PAP. As EUP em baixa e alta disponibilidade do nutriente estiveram correlacionadas entre si e com RU. A EUP em baixa disponibilidade de P não se correlacionou com a produtividade de grãos. Contudo, sob alta disponibilidade do nutriente, esses parâmetros se correlacionaram. Os efeitos não aditivos têm maior importância para caracteres relacionados à EUP, de modo que a seleção deve ser realizada nas combinações híbridas.
Contribution of the universities to the development of field crop cultivars
(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2012-12) Sediyama, Carlos Sigueyuki; Carneiro, José Eustáquio de Souza; Fritsche-Neto, Roberto; Sediyama, Tuneo; Barbosa, Márcio Henrique Pereira; Galvão, João Carlos Cardoso; Souza, Moacil Alves de
Public and private research institutions employ their best efforts to produce new cultivars, which are intended to ensure productivity, reduce ecological footprint and present characteristics that meet consumer expectations. Some Brazilian universities, which are usually originated from schools of higher education in agriculture, have contributed to the breeding of some crops. These universities also aimed to solve the problems of the Brazilian agricultural sector, and became essential tool to make Brazil an important player in the agribusiness world. In the last decades, regarding the five species presented here, the universities have developed 35 oat cultivars and made the country self-sufficient in this grain; they have also developed cultivars of common beans (27), sugarcane (59), soybean (62), and wheat (03), besides countless corn hybrids, since works in this species date before the establishment of the national cultivar registration system.
Crescimento e produtividade do milho-verde sobre diferentes coberturas de solo no sistema plantio direto orgânico
(Bragantia, 2016-10) Galvão, João Carlos Cardoso; Favarato, Luiz Fernando; Souza, Jacimar Luis; Souza, Caetano Marciano de; Guarconi, Rogério Carvalho; Balbino, José Mauro de Souza
O cultivo de diferentes espécies de plantas de cobertura possibilita a melhoria e a conservação do solo e da matéria orgânica, além de promover consideráveis aumentos de rendimento nas culturas subsequentes, com significativos ganhos econômicos. Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e produtividade de milho-verde sobre diferentes coberturas de solo no sistema plantio direto (SPD) orgânico. O trabalho foi disposto em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 6 repetições e 5 sistemas de produção, constituídos por 3 coberturas de solo no SPD orgânico, com palha de aveia-preta, palha de tremoço-branco e palha do consórcio aveia-preta/tremoço-branco, assim como 2 sistemas sem palhada e com revolvimento do solo, um orgânico e outro convencional. Foram realizadas avaliações de diâmetro do colmo, de altura de planta e da inserção de espiga, nos estádios V5, V10 e R3, número total de espigas comerciais, produtividade total de espigas com palha e sem palha, peso médio de espigas com palha e sem palha, produtividade, peso médio e percentual de espigas comerciais, comprimento e diâmetro de espigas comerciais sem palha. O SPD orgânico sobre a palha de tremoço-branco em solteiro e em consórcio com aveia-preta proporcionou maior crescimento das plantas de milho nos estádios inicias da cultura. O uso de tremoço-branco solteiro ou em consórcio com aveia-preta apresentou-se como boa opção para formação de palha no SPD orgânico, garantindo crescimento e produtividade satisfatórios para a cultura do milho-verde.
Classificação de populações de milho quanto à eficiência e resposta ao uso de fósforo
(Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2010-04) Miranda, Glauco Vieira; Fidelis, Rodrigo Ribeiro; Pelúzio, Joênes Mucci; Galvão, João Carlos Cardoso
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar os genótipos mais eficientes na absorção e utilização de fósforo em solos de cerrado na safrinha. O ensaio foi constituído de 47 tratamentos (genótipos) e foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi. Para simular ambientes com baixo e alto nível de fósforo, foram utilizadas doses de 25 e 113 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na semeadura, respectivamente. Para identificar os cultivares adequados aos ambientes, utilizou-se metodologia que sugerem a classificação das cultivares quanto à eficiência no uso e resposta a aplicação do fósforo (eficiência e resposta). Concluiu-se que os genótipos eficientes na absorção e utilização de fósforo e responsivos ao incremento de P foram UFVM77-0331, UFVM77-0307, UFVM77-0333, UFVM77-0381, UFVM77-0313, UFVM77-0305, UFVM77-0377 e UFVM77-0345.
Soil microbiological activity and productivity of maize fodder with legumes and manure doses
(Revista Caatinga, 2018-10) Martins Filho, Argemiro Pereira; Moura, Mácio Farias de; Araújo, Maysa Bezerra de; Santana, Marthony Dornelas; Medeiros, Erika Valente de; Silva, Charlley de Freitas
Maize is an important cereal and it is widely consumed in the world, both as food for humans and animals. Nitrogen (N) is a nutrient required in large quantities by maize, but unfortunately, soils are limited in meeting this need. Nodulating legumes can serve as a source of Nitrogen, because they are symbiotically associated with bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric N. Another important source of this nutrient is cattle manure, which is widely used in agriculture. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using legumes and cattle manure on the production as well as the microbial and biochemical quality of the soil used for maize cultivation. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design, in a sub-subdivided plot scheme [(2x4) +2], two leguminous plants (pigeon pea and macassar bean), four doses of cattle manure (0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1) and two controls; one with mineral fertilization and the other cultivated without the use of fertilizers. Treatment using a manure dose of 60t ha-1 and pigeon pea legume, recorded higher dry mass production per plant. The increase in manure doses was directly proportional to the length and weight of the cobs for the two legumes. The enzymatic activities were affected by the different doses and legumes, with greater results being recorded at the 60 t ha-1 dose with the macassar legume. The use of legumes with manure improved maize production as well as the microbiological and biochemical quality of soils.
Combining ability of tropical maize cultivars in organic and conventional production systems
(Ciência Rural, 2011-05) Oliveira, Lucimar Rodrigues de; Miranda, Glauco Vieira; DeLima, Rodrigo Oliveira; Souza, Leandro Vagno de; Galvão, João Carlos Cardoso; Santos, Izabel Cristina dos
The objectives were to identify maize germplasm for the organic productions system and to compare the genetic effects of the grain yield of maize cultivars in organic and conventional production systems. Diallel crosses were made between six maize cultivars and the hybrid combinations were evaluated in conventional and organic production systems. The hybrid combinations produced different grain yields in the two production systems. The interaction between general combining ability and production systems was significant for grain yield, ear height and number of ears. This indicates that the additive genetic effects differ in organic and conventional production systems. The specific combining abilities (SCA) were significant for grain yield and plant height, indicating a significant difference between the non-additive effects. However, the SCA x production systems interactions were not significant for those traits. It was concluded that for the development of maize cultivars for the organic production system, selection must be made in the specific environment for the expression of favorable alleles that confer advantages for adapting to this system; the general combining ability of genitors is different for the two production systems, but the specific combining ability isn’t different in organic and conventional systems.
Assessing the impact of climate change on the worldwide distribution of Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) using MaxEnt
(Pest Management Science, 2019) Santana Junior, P. A.; Silva, R.S. da; Pereira, J. L.; Kumar, L.; Picanço, M. C.
For the first time, a model was applied at the global scale in order to investigate the effects of climate change on Dalbulus maidis. D. maidis is the main vector of three plant pathogens of maize crops and has been reported as one of the most important maize pests in Latin America. We modeled the effects of climate change on this pest using three Global Climate Models under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) using the MaxEnt software. Overall, climate change will lead to a decrease in the suitable areas for D. maidis. In South America, climate change will decrease the areas that are suitable for the pest, especially in Brazil. However, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela will have small areas that are highly suitable for the corn leafhopper. Outside of the pest’s range, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, and South Africa also should be concerned about the risk of corn leafhopper invasions in the future since they are projected to have highly suitable conditions for this insect in some areas. This study will allow the relevant countries to increase their quarantine measures and guide researchers to develop new Z. mays varieties that are resistant or tolerant to D. maidis. In addition, the maize‐stunting pathogens for the areas are highlighted in this modeling.
Potential and persistence of the inhibitory effect of sorghum on weeds
(Planta Daninha, 2018) Biesdorf, E. M.; Pimentel, L. D.; Teixeira, M. F. F.; Biesdorf, E.; Salla, P. H. H.; Oliveira, A. B.
The inhibitory interaction between plants may be an important strategy of integrated weed management (IWM). This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of sorghum on phytosociology and infestation of weeds during cultivation and after harvest. An experiment was carried out in the field in a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement. Plots consisted of sorghum and corn (control) and subplots were composed of different periods of weed community assessment after crop harvest (DAH) (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days). An increased number of species and botanical families was observed after harvest. Degradation of sorghum and corn straw reached the stabilization at 60 DAH. Although sorghum has presented a lower amount of straw and soil cover, weed infestation was, on average, 30% lower in relation to areas cultivated with corn. Sorghum showed an inhibitory effect on some weed species, influencing phytosociology, especially during the first 40 DAH, and can be used as part of IWM strategy.
Effects of atrazine-based herbicide on emergence and sex ratio of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera)
(Florida Entomologist, 2015-09) Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Paulo, Paula Daiana de; Zanuncio, José Cola; Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Tavares, Wagner de Souza; Tuffi-Santos, Leonardo David; Spínola-Filho, Paulo Roberto de Carvalho
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the herbicide atrazine, recommended for weed control in corn, on 10 species of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera). A female of each trichogrammatid was placed individually in a test tube (nochoice) with a card containing approximately 45 Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. Parasitism by these trichogrammatids was allowed for 48 h, and the cards were sprayed with the herbicide atrazine at 6 L/ha, along with a control (distilled water). Atrazine reduced the emergence of Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja females, but increased that of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, Trichogramma demoraesi Nagaraja, Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, and Trichogramma soaresi Nagaraja. In addition, atrazine reduced the sex ratio of T. bruni, Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, and Trichogramma bennetti Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, and increased that of T. demoraesi and T. soaresi. The herbicide was slightly harmful to T. bennetti and T. bruni, but was relatively harmless to the other species of Trichogrammatidae based on the standards of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC).

Fitotecnia - Artigos

Navegar

Filtros

Configurações

Ordenar por

Resultados por página

Resultados da Pesquisa