Zootecnia
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/176
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Assessing the effect of rbST on mammary gland growth and reproductive characteristics Holstein × Gyr pre-pubertal heifers; Modelling the impact of mastitis on milk yield losses(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-02-17) Sguizzato, Anna Luiza Lacerda; Marcondes, Marcos Inácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9476644547020897In this thesis, two chapters were based on a study with Holstein × Gyr pre-pubertal heifers and one on modeling mastitis data. The objective of the first chapter was to evaluate the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on digestibility, performance, blood metabolites, mammary gland development, and carcass composition of high-performance pre-pubertal Holstein × Gyr heifers. It was observed that the rbST did not influence digestibility or performance parameters, increased IGF1 concentration and ribeye area, reduced parenchyma and fat pad pixels/mm², and decreased IGFBP3 expression in the mammary gland. In summary, rbST injections can be used to overcome the detrimental effects of high-performance diets on mammary gland growth and to improve lean carcass gain of pre-pubertal Holstein × Gyr heifers. For the second chapter, the objective was to assess the effects of rbST on reproductive traits, steroid concentration, and gene expression of cumulus-oocyte complex of high-performance pre-pubertal Holstein × Gyr heifers (same heifers and protocols mentioned in the first chapter). As expected, some heifers achieved puberty during the trial, approximately 36% of the assessed females. However, neither puberty attainment nor age, weight, or height at puberty were influenced by treatment. The reproductive condition did not affect ovary size, but there was an interaction effect of treatment and day, where heifers from the rbST treatment had greater ovary size on days 36, 43, 50, and 57. The rbST pubertal heifers had greater follicle sizes compared to the no rbST females on days 15 and 57, but no rbST heifers had larger follicles on days 71 and 85. Gene expression assessment resulted in a greater mRNA abundance of IGF1R on the cumulus-oocyte complex of heifers on no rbST treatment. To conclude, the evidence gathered in this study supports the hypothesis that the use of rbST would impact on reproductive characteristics of Holstein × Gyr heifers. The objective of the third chapter was to describe the impact of mastitis on milk production based on mastitis degree and moment of occurrence. Data from thirteen dairy farms were collected, generating a databank of 908,816 daily individual milk test records from 3,508 cows in different lactations, from January 2017 to December 2022. Mastitis drop and recovery were modeled following three steps: removal of milk recorded at the diagnosis day of mastitis from the databank and fit of a Wood’s Curve for each cow and lactation order; return of mastitis data to the database and estimation of the residual milk loss due to mastitis from 6 days before and after the mastitis event; use of a meta-analytical approach, including farm as a random control effect, to estimate residual milk loss. The estimations suggest that milk drop occurs three to four days prior to mastitis onset and can last until ten to twelve days from the diagnosis. Moreover, milk losses are greater than the values referenced in the literature and differ due to mastitis level. The novelty of our study indicates when and to what proportion mastitis drop and recovery occur and brings new perspectives to mastitis modeling. Keywords: Crossbred. Somatotropin. IGFBP3. Reproduction. Modelling. Milk production. Mastitis.Item Supplementation of functional amino acids and minerals in diets for growing-finishing pigs(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-07-20) Teixeira, Lucas Medina; Rocha, Gabriel Cipriano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7911554450153138This study aimed to evaluate the effect of functional amino acid and mineral supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid profile of finishing pigs. 120 castrated male pigs with an initial weight of 59.7 ± 2.7 kg were used, distributed into four diets: control diet (C); amino acids (A), C + arginine and leucine; Minerals (M), C + chromium picolinate and magnesium oxide and A + M. From 127 to 159 days, treatment A showed higher ADG and AC compared to group C. Pigs fed A + M showed better AC compared to group C. For the total period (98 to 159 days), the group fed with diet A showed higher GPD and final weight in relation to group C. Pigs fed with A + M showed greater insulin release, lower serum urea nitrogen concentration, and less subcutaneous fat deposition. The quality of the meat was affected by the treatments, pigs fed diet A showed less water loss during defrosting and total, in addition to a greater amount of oleic fatty acid. Pigs fed the M diet had greater amounts of oleic fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to C. In summary, it has been shown that amino acid supplementation affects meat performance and quality, while mineral supplementation only affects meat quality. of the meat. The combination of amino acids and minerals improves performance and carcass characteristics. Keywords: Arginine. Leucine. Chrome. Magnesium. Performance. Meat quality.Item Avaliação de proteases exógenas em dietas para frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-07-17) Almeida, Bruno Figueiredo de; Albino, Luiz Fernando Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1242100441061019Três experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adição de proteases exógenas no desempenho de frangos de corte e nos valores de energia metabolizável e digestibilidade de proteína bruta (PB) das dietas. Foram utilizados 1440, 384 e 432 frangos de corte machos, da linhagem Cobb 500, pesados e distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, nos ensaios de desempenho, metabolismo e digestibilidade, respectivamente. Os tratamentos experimentais utilizados no presente estudo foram os seguintes: Controle positivo (CP, dieta basal); controle negativo (CN = CP – 20%PB); CN adicionado da protease A; CN adicionado da protease B; CN adicionado da protease C; CN adicionado da protease D; CN adicionado da protease E; CN adicionado da protease F. No ensaio de digestibilidade, além dos tratamentos solicitados, houve a inclusão de uma dieta isenta de proteína para mensurar as perdas endógenas basais. As dietas experimentais foram formuladas para atender as exigências dos animais. As dietas controle negativo sofreram redução de PB e os principais aminoácidos utilizando o conceito de proteína ideal. A redução de PB da ração não teve impacto no consumo de ração dos animais, porém, impactou negativamente o ganho de peso médio e a conversão alimentar, em ambas as fases avaliadas no experimento de desempenho. A adição das proteases C e D aumentou o ganho de peso dos animais alimentados com a dieta controle negativo, embora não influenciou a conversão alimentar. No ensaio de metabolismo, não houveram diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para os valores de energia metabolizável aparente e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio. No ensaio de digestibilidade, observou-se que a protease F melhorou a digestibilidade da PB em frangos de corte alimentados com dieta com redução de PB. A utilização de proteases exógenas melhora o desempenho e aumenta a digestibilidade da proteína bruta de frangos de corte alimentados com dieta com deficiência de proteína, não havendo efeitos na energia metabolizável. A adição de proteases exógenas não recuperou o desempenho perdido pela redução de PB. Palavras-chave: Protease. Frangos de corte. Proteína bruta.Item Digestible methionine + cysteine:digestible lysine ratio in diets for broilers submitted to inflammatory challenge(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-07-17) Borges, Samuel Oliveira; Calderano, Arele Arlindo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1727142251318507To estimate the ideal digestible (dig) Methionine (Met) + Cysteine (Cys):dig Lysine (Lys) ratio for broilers submitted or not to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (E. coli) inflammatory challenge, 384 thirteen-day-old male chickens were distributed in a 4 x 2 (four ratios x with or without challenge) factorial completely randomized design, with eight replicates per treatment and six chickens per experimental unit (EU). The unchallenged birds received an application of saline solution (SS). The experimental diets were formulated to meet nutritional recommendations except for the dig Met + Cys levels, which varied according to the treatments. To obtain the experimental diets, a ration with a ratio of 0.69 dig Met + Cys:dig Lys was initially prepared, and later a diet with a ratio of 0.84. These rations were mixed in the appropriate proportions to obtain diets with ratios of 0.74 and 0.79. Parameters evaluated at 21 days of age included broilers’ performance, specifically weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Further parameters were jejunum mRNA content of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-Κb), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione synthetase (GSS), methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT2), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), relative weights of liver and spleen, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) estimated fat mass (%) and lean mass (%). The differences were considered significant at an alpha level of 0.05. A linear regression model was used to evaluate the effects of the dig Met + Cys:dig Lys ratio on the evaluated parameters. There was no interaction (P > 0.05) between the inflammatory challenge and the increase of dig Met + Cys: dig Lys ratio for WG, FI, FCR, the relative weight of liver and spleen, and mRNA content of NF-Κb, GPX, SOD, GSS, MAT2, and CBS. The different ratios had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the same data. However, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between challenged and unchallenged animals. Chickens that received an intraperitoneal application of LPS all had lower performance parameters, and the liver and spleen had heavier and lower expression of GSS than those that received SS. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed concerning DEXA estimated fat and lean mass. Thus, the lowest dig Met + Cys:dig Lys ratio, that is 0.69 (1.193% dig Lys: 0.823% dig Met + Cys), was sufficient to maintain the parameters evaluated. Keywords: Sulfur amino acids. Poultry. LPS. E. coli.Item Effects of supplementation of different enzymes in low energy diets for broilers(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-02-16) França, Thaisa Pereira de; Costa, Leandro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7683027626901869Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different enzymes on the performance and gut morphology of broilers fed reduced energy diets, metabolizable energy values of reduced energy level diets. In experiment I - 1,280 male Cobb broilers, aged 1 to 42 days old, were used to evaluate performance parameters and gut morphology. Animals were distributed into 8 treatments with 8 replicates of 20 broilers each. The treatments consisted of: T1 - positive control (PC) diet with 3050 kcal ME/kg; T2 - negative control (NC) diet with a reduction of 200 kcal/kg; T3 - NC + Carbohydrase I (100 g/ton endo-1,4-beta-mannanase) ; T4 - NC + Carbohydrase II (100 g/ton endo-1,4-beta-xylanase and endo-1,4-beta-glucanase); T5 - NC + phytase (50 g/ton phytase-6); T6 - NC + Carbohydrase II + phytase; T7 - NC + Carbohydrase III (100g/ton endo-1,4-beta-xylanase); T8 - NC + Carbohydrase I + Carbohydrase II + phytase. The evaluated variables were body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and villus height: crypt depth ratio (VH: CD). In experiment II – 420 14-day-old broilers were distributed into seven treatments with ten replicates of` six broilers each, to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) of the diets. The same diets were used as treatments, excluding the PC. Comparing the treatments with the NC group, birds fed diets containing enzymes showed better BWG and FCR from 1 to 21 days old (P ≤ 0.05), and better FCR from 1 to 42 days (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, the addition of Carbohydrase II and phytase promoted an increase in AME and AMEn of feed (P ≤ 0.05). Broilers fed with phytase showed higher VH when compared with the other treatments (P ≤ 0.05), whereas the treatments with phytase and Carbohydrases I, II, and phytase combination showed a better VH:CD (P ≤ 0.05). The inclusion of enzymes (carbohydrases and phytase) in broiler diets makes it possible to reduce feed energy levels without affecting performance parameters, AME corrected for nitrogen, and morphometry characteristics of the jejunum. Keywords: Broiler. Metabolizable Energy. Enzymes.Item Evaluation of corn ethanol coproducts on broilers diets(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-02-24) Dias, Kelly Morais Maia; Albino, Luiz Fernando Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1154353155635366Experiment 1 aimed to determine nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of two corn ethanol coproducts: high-protein distillers’ dried grains (HP-DDG) and corn bran with solubles (CBS). The results showed that AMEn values for HP-DDG and CBS were 3,334 kcal/kg and 2,083 kcal/kg on DM basis, respectively. Concerning the HP-DDG, the digestibility trial resulted in the following SIAAD coefficients and values, respectively: 80.33% and 1.09 for Lys, 85.95% and 1.44 for Met + Cys, 75.58% and 1.24 for Thr, 89.58% and 1.66 for Arg, 84.91% and 1.08 for His, 86.37% and 1.35 for Ile, 90.64% and 4.56 for Leu, 85.76% and 1.80 for Val, and 88.67% and 1.90 for Phe. The digestibility average of HP-DDG is 85.83% for essential amino acids. Concerning the CBS, the following SIAAD coefficients and values were measured, respectively: 79.29% and 0.44 for Lys, 89.57% and 0.31 for Met + Cys, 78.89% and 0.40 for Thr, 92.28% and 0.66 for Arg, 87.48% and 0.36 for His, 93.40% and 0.35 for Ile, 92.27% and 1.01 for Leu, 90.97% and 0.51 for Val, and 88.81% and 0.45 for Phe. The digestibility average of CBS is 88.45% for essential amino acids. Experiment 2 aimed to evaluate the inclusion of HP- DDG in broilers’ diets. 1200 Cobb500™ one-day-old male chicks were randomly distributed into 6 treatments with 10 replicates with 20 birds each. The experimental period was divided into three phases: 1) starter, 0 to 21 days old; 2) grower, 22 to 33 days old; and 3) finisher, 34 to 43 days old. The treatments consisted of 6 different inclusion levels of HP-DDG in each phase, respectively: T1) 0% in the starter, grower, and finisher; T2) 3%, 5%, and 7% in the starter, grower, and finisher; T3) 5%, 7%, and 9% in the starter, grower, and finisher; T4) 7%, 9%, and 11% in the starter, grower, and finisher; T5) 9%, 11%, and 13% in the starter, grower, and finisher; and T6) 11%, 13%, and 15% in the starter, grower, and finisher. Body weight (BW), BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured at 21, 33, and 43 days old. In addition, carcass and cut yields were assessed at 43 days old. Data were submitted to ANOVA and analyzed using Dunnett’s Test at 0.05 significance level. Birds fed 11% in the starter phase had lower BW (P = 0.032) and BWG (P = 0.029) than the control group, whereas in the finisher phase, birds fed 7 and 9% had lower BWG than control (P < 0.005). Overall performance (0 to 43 days) showed no response to the replacement (P > 0.05). Carcass and cut yields were not affected by replacing soybean meal for HP-DDG (P > 0.05). Therefore, the recommended level for replacement in the starter phase is up to 9%, whereas in the finisher phase is 11, 13, or 15%. Increasing levels according to the rearing phase does not affect overall performance. Keywords: HP-DDG. Broilers. Performance. Amino acids digestibility. Metabolizable energy.Item Effect of supplement levels on creep-feeding for suckling calves and prepartum Nellore cows on pasture(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-02-28) Saraiva, Douglas Teixeira; Paulino, Mário Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3141193979824955In the first experiment, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of supplementation on the nutritional and productivity performance and metabolic parameters in beef calves fed in tropical grass pastures and the costs of this supplementation. Thirty-five Nellore male calves, with an average body weight (BW) of 115 ± 12 kg and an average age of 110 ± 10 days, and their dams (BW = 505 ± 25 kg, 8 years of age) were used. The supplementation levels were as follows: 0 = in the control group, calves received only a mineral mixture; one group received 5 g/kg BW of supplementation with 250 g of crude protein/kg of dry matter; and another group received 10 g/kg BW with 250 g of crude protein/kg of dry matter. The experimental design was completely randomized. The cow-calf pairs were randomly assigned to an experimental area of eight plots, and a group of four to five animals was considered one experimental unit. The intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) (P<0.05) were greater for calves that received a higher level of supplementation. However, supplementation did not affect the milk production and productive performance of the cows (P>0.05). Supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), with digestibility increasing as inclusion of the supplement increased (P<0.05). The calves receiving 10 g/kg BW supplementation showed a higher average daily gain (ADG) and thus a higher weight at weaning (P<0.05) and higher concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). However, considering the good quality of the forage offered during the study period, an improvement in performance and nutritional characteristics was observed for the 10 g/kg BW treatment, however, without economic gain in the non-supplemented animals. In the second experiment, the objective was evaluate the effects of different supplementation strategies for Nellore cows 60 days prepartum on performance, metabolic responses and influence on the initial body development of the offspring. We used 39 pluriparous, gestating male Nellore cows with an initial mean of 224 ± 2.6 days of pregnacy, 520 ± 15.2 kg body weight (BW) and 6.0 ± 0.07 (scale of 1 - 9) body condition score (BCS), according to completely randomized design, with four treatments and two repetitions. The treatments evaluated were: control receiving only mineral mixture ad libitum, 2 g/kg BW, 4 g/kg BW and 6 g/kg BW of protein-energy supplement per cow per day for 60 days before calving. The supplement was formulated to contain similar amounts of crude protein, 300 g BW/kg in DM. Statistical evaluations were conducted using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4), adopting α = 0.05. Cows supplemented with 4 and 6 g/kg BW showed greater BW variation in the prepartum and less variation in the postpartum (P<0.05). There was a higher BCS for supplemented animals (P<0.05) at calving and at 90 days postpartum, with animals in the 4 and 6 g/kg BW treatment being higher than the control treatment (P<0.05). There were no differences in calf birth weight and performance up to 90 days postpartum (P>0.05). Animals receiving 4 and 6 g/kg BW had a shorter service period compared to the control treatment (P<0.05), but there were no differences for overall pregnancy outcome (P>0.05). Treatment x day interaction was observed for BUN which was higher in the prepartum for animals that received higher supplementation levels (P<0.05), βHB, was higher in the prepartum for animals in the control treatment (P<0.05), and for NEFA, concentrations were lower 21 days before calving and at 21 and 42 days after calving, for the treatments that received 4 and 6 g/kg BW (P<0.05). Progesterone concentrations presented a positive linear effect with the increase of supplement supply (P<0.05), being higher for animals that received 4 and 6 g/kg BW compared to animals in the control treatment (P<0.05). In view of these results, Providing 4g/kg BW of protein-energy supplement to grazing Nellore cows 60 days prior to calving is recommended, which improves metabolic characteristics and performance in the prepar-tum and postpartum period and a lower negative energy balance in the postpartum period, resulting in a shorter service period. Keywords: Creep-feeding. Cows. Nutrition. Physiology. NEFA. Progesterone.Item Studies on methods for dry matter, crude ash, and nitrogen analysis in animal feeds(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-02-24) Quirino, Daiana Francisca; Detmann, Edenio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6256810478695184This study encompassed three experiments to evaluate different methods for quantifying the dry matter, crude ash, and nitrogen contents in animal feeds. In the first experiment, our objective was to evaluate the accuracy, repeatability, and physicochemical impacts of oven- drying times on laboratory dry matter estimates by loss on drying at 105°C. We evaluated eighteen different feeds, which were clustered into high- and low-moisture materials. The tested methods were based on loss on drying at 105°C and the Karl Fischer titration was adopted as the reference method. Test portions were oven dried at 105°C for 3, 6, 12, 16, and 24 h, and results were compared to the reference method. The method based on 3 h of drying provided the closest estimates to those obtained by Karl Fischer titration. The method based on the binomial 105°C × 3 h minimizes the bias in the water recovery, and it is recommended for dry matter analysis in animal feeds. In the second experiment, we evaluated methods for crude ash quantification. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of variations in time and temperature and the use of ashing aids as well, on the crude ash estimates. Twenty-four study materials from eight different feeds were evaluated. The control method was based on a simple ignition time of 3 h at 550°C. The methods variations were: increasing ashing time to 6 h; increasing temperature to 600°C; and using two 3-h ignition cycles at 550°C with ashing aids inclusion between them. The ashing aids were: fresh air supply, fresh air supply plus distillate water, and fresh air supply plus hydrogen peroxide. The crude ash results differed among the method variations, but a consistent decrease in the estimates was observed when liquid aids were applied. The best test results are obtained using water as liquid ashing aid between two ignition cycles at 550°C for 3 h. In the third experiment, we aimed to evaluate the nitrogen recovery in tropical forages by using the Kjeldahl method with modifications involving a pre-digestion step with salicylic acid and, or a partial replacement of copper sulfate by titanium dioxide as a catalyst. The Kjeldahl standard procedure was based on digestion with sodium sulfate and copper sulfate (20:1), followed by steam distillation and titration. The Kjeldahl variations were: the Kjeldahl method with salicylic acid as pre-treatment; the Kjeldahl with titanium dioxide replacing 50% of copper sulfate in the digestion mixture; and the Kjeldahl with salicylic acid and copper sulfate:titanium dioxide (1:1) as a catalyst. We adopted the Dumas method as a standard method. Forty-eight study materials (i.e., tropical forages) were evaluated. Nitrogen recovered was not complete for the Kjeldahl methods, which did not differ to each other. Neither salicylic acid nor titanium dioxide improved the nitrogen recovery. The average nitrogen recovery in tropical forages when analyzed through the Kjeldahl method is 0.974 g/g. The nitrogen recovery of the Kjeldahl method is not influenced by a pre-digestion with salicylic acid or by the partial replacement of copper sulfate with titanium dioxide as a catalyst. Keywords: Animal feed. Animal nutrition. Feed analysisItem Diferentes fontes de microminerais em rações de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-02-15) Fonseca, Lucimauro da; Hannas, Melissa Izabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2724245402332435Diferentes fontes de microminerais em rações de frangos de corte. Orientadora: Melissa Izabel Hannas. Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação dos microminerais (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe e Se) em premix fornecidos na forma de proteinatos e selênio levedura e sais inorgânicos em diferentes níveis de suplementação em dietas de frangos de corte sobre desempenho, concentração mineral nos tecidos e status antioxidante nos períodos de 1 a 21 e 1 a 42 dias de idade. 2.475 pintos Cobb-500® machos de 1 dia, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 9 tratamentos e 11 repetições, com 25 aves cada. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por: Dieta basal (DB) + Padrões da indústria brasileira em fonte inorgânica, como controle positivo (CP); DB + Padrão da indústria brasileira, com suplementação micromineral 50% em fonte inorgânica e 50% em fonte orgânica; DB + Minerais em fonte orgânica (MO) em alto nível de suplementação; DB + Minerais em fonte inorgânica (MI) em alto nível de suplementação; DB + MO em nível intermediário de suplementação; DB + MI em nível intermediário de suplementação; DB + MO em baixo nível de suplementação; DB + MI em baixo nível de suplementação e DB sem suplementação micromineral, como controle negativo (CN). Em ambas as fases, houve diferença (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos para ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR) e para conversão alimentar (CA) apenas de 1 a 21 dias pelo teste SNK, sendo o tratamento CN o que apresentou os piores resultados. Os resultados dos tratamentos diferiram (p<0,05) do CN e não diferiram (p>0,05) do CP pelo teste de Dunnett. Para atividade da GPx aos 21 e 42 dias, e análise do status antioxidante total aos 42 dias, o tratamento CN proporcionou os piores resultados pelo teste SNK (p<0,05). Para a análise da oxidação proteica aos 42 dias, não houve diferença (p>0,05) entre os tratamentos pelo teste SNK, e o tratamento CP-MI/MO diferiu (p<0,05) do CN pelo teste de Dunnet. Já para análise de oxidação lipídica o tratamento CP apresentou o menor resultado, pelo teste SNK (p<0,05). Aos 21 e 42 dias, observou-se um efeito significativo (p<0,05) do tratamento CP-MI/MO sobre a concentração de Mn, Cu e Fe no fígado, ressaltando o efeito benéfico da utilização conjunta de fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas de microminerais. Aves submetidas a dieta CN apresentaram uma menor concentração de Mn, Cu e Fe no fígado aos 21 e 42 dias. A suplementação de microminerais promove melhora nas respostas de desempenho, parâmetros antioxidantes e concentração mineral nos tecidos, demonstrando a importância da suplementação mineral para manter o desempenho das aves. A suplementação de microminerais em diferentes fontes e níveis não apresentou diferença entre os tratamentos para as respostas dos parâmetros de desempenho, sendo possível utilizar o menor nível de suplementação, o que permite reduzir a quantidade de microminerais na dieta das aves. Enquanto que o status antioxidante no sangue, concentração de microminerais nos tecidos e oxidação tecidual dos frangos de corte são influenciados pelas fontes e níveis de suplementação dos microminerais, indicando que a relação dos microminerais com os mecanismos antioxidante endógenos dos tecidos e deposição tecidual de microminerais devem ser melhor estudados. Palavras-chave: Atividade enzimática. Concentração tecidual. Fontes orgânicas. Microminerais.Item Suplementação de glutamina e glutamato em dietas com baixo nível de lisina digestível para leitões desmamados(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2022-07-20) Dórea, Erika Santos; Rocha, Gabriel Cipriano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3133713686893818O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com L-glutamina e L-glutamato (Gln/Glu), em dieta com baixo nível de lisina, sobre o desempenho, parâmetros sanguíneos, integridade intestinal e contagem de placas de Peyer no intestino de leitões. Cento e cinquenta leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados, de acordo com o peso inicial, em três dietas, dez repetições e cinco animais por unidade experimental. As dietas foram: Controle, inclusão de 1,45% e 1,34% de lisina digestível (LisD) dos 21-33 dias e 33-47 dias, respectivamente; B-Lis, baixa LisD (90% da concentração de LisD das dietas Controles); B-Lis + Gln/Glu, baixa LisD + 1,2% e 0,8% de AminoGut dos 21-33 dias e 33-47 dias, respectivamente. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o pacote estatístico SAS 9.4. Dos 21 aos 33 dias, a adição de Gln/Glu na dieta com baixa lisina proporcionou aumento (P<0,05) do consumo de ração médio diário (CRMD) dos leitões, em comparação às demais dietas. Além disso, melhorou (P<0,05) o ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD) dos suínos no período experimental. Leitões do Controle apresentaram melhor (P<0,05) conversão alimentar (CA) dos 21 aos 47 dias de idade. Os níveis de imunoglobulina G (IgG), creatinina e ureia no soro sanguíneo não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelas dietas. No duodeno, a dieta B-Lis + Gln/Glu proporcionou aumento (P<0,05) da altura de vilosidades (AV), enquanto a dieta Controle não diferiu (P<0,05) das demais. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) das dietas sobre a profundidade de cripta (PC) e relação AV:PC nos diferentes segmentos intestinais. No íleo foi observada tendência (P=0,10) de aumento da AV e maior (P<0,04) proliferação de células caliciformes. No jejuno, as dietas não influenciaram (P>0,05) os dados morfométricos. A suplementação com Gln/Glu em dieta com baixa lisina (90% da exigência) pode melhorar o desempenho e a integridade da mucosa intestinal de leitões desmamados. A redução do nível de lisina piorou o GPMD, a CA, o peso aos 33 e 47 dias de vida e a proporção de células caliciformes duodenais, entretanto não afetou os parâmetros sanguíneos e a contagem de placas de Peyer. Palavras-chave: Glutamina. Glutamato. Morfologia intestinal. Leitões desmamados. Lisina.