Secagem artificial de toretes de madeira de eucalipto para uso em retortas contínuas de carbonização
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A utilização de toretes de madeira, com variados e elevados teores de umidade, é um dos fatores limitantes para produtividade e estabilidade de reatores contínuos de carbonização. Como alternativa aos problemas decorrentes ao teor de umidade dos toretes, a utilização de secadores de madeira pode significar uma adequação e homogeneidade do teor de umidade da matéria-prima lenhosa, de maneira rápida e de forma controlada, garantindo melhor eficiência do processo e qualidade do carvão vegetal, o que auxilia na consolidação desta tecnologia, uma vez que no mercado e na literatura, dados de sistemas de secagem para toretes de madeira são escassos, tendo na sua maioria, para secagem de partículas e cavacos. Logo, a presente tese de doutorado objetiva fornecer subsídios teóricos para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de um secador industrial para secagem de madeira, na forma de toretes, para serem utilizados em sistemas contínuos de carbonização. Para isto, foi projetado e construído um sistema de secagem de toretes de madeira em escala experimental do tipo leito fixo, para a avaliação das variáveis da madeira e do processo de secagem, a saber: o layout de corte (40 cm de comprimento, 20 cm de comprimento e rachada); classe de diâmetro (>12 cm, 12,1 – 14, 14,1 – 16 cm e 16,1 – 18 cm); e tempo de residência da madeira no reator de secagem (30, 60, 90 min) em temperaturas de 300°C. Os toretes “rachados” independente do diâmetro, aqueceram mais, tanto na região do cerne quanto do alburno, principalmente nos maiores tempos de residência de secagem, quando comparados aos demais layouts de corte. A melhor transferência de calor deste layout de corte, propiciou uma maior taxa de secagem e perda de umidade, que por sua vez, impactou diretamente sua eficiência de secagem. Em relação a ocorrência de ignição durante as secagens, os toretes rachados e de os 20 cm de comprimento, quando submetidas ao programa de secagem de tempo de residência de 90 min, entraram em combustão no secador, demostrando que, nas condições aplicadas no presente estudo, este é o limite de trabalho para tais layouts de corte.Palavras-chave: Água na madeira. Tecnologia de carbonização. Transferência de calor. Produção de carvão vegetal.
The use of short wood logs, with varied and high moisture contents, is one of the limiting factors for the productivity and stability of continuous carbonization reactors. As an alternative to the problems arising from the moisture content of the short logs, the use of wood dryers can mean an adequacy and homogeneity of the moisture content of the raw material, in a fast and controlled way, guaranteeing better process efficiency and charcoal quality, which helps in the consolidation of this technology, since in the market and in the literature, data on drying systems for short wood logs are scarce, mostly for drying particles and chips. Therefore, this doctoral thesis aims to provide theoretical support to assist in the development of an industrial dryer for drying wood, in the form of short logs, to be used in continuous carbonization systems. For this, a drying system for short wood logs was designed and built on an experimental scale, of the fixed bed type, to evaluate the variables of the wood and the drying process, namely: the cutting layout (40 cm long, 20 cm long and cracked); diameter class (>12 cm, 12.1 – 14, 14.1 – 16 cm and 16.1 – 18 cm); and wood residence time in the drying reactor (30, 60, 90 min) at temperatures of 300°C. The “cracked” short logs, regardless of the diameter, heated up more, both in the heartwood and sapwood regions, especially in the longer drying residence times, when compared to the other cutting layouts. The better heat transfer of this cutting layout provided a higher drying rate and moisture loss, which in turn directly impacted its drying efficiency. Regarding the occurrence of ignition during drying, the cracked logs and the 20 cm long logs, when submitted to the drying program with a residence time of 90 min, combusted in the dryer, demonstrating that, under the conditions applied in the present study, this is the working limit for such cutting layouts. Keywords: Dissertation. Water in the wood. Carbonization technology. Heat transfer. Charcoal production.
The use of short wood logs, with varied and high moisture contents, is one of the limiting factors for the productivity and stability of continuous carbonization reactors. As an alternative to the problems arising from the moisture content of the short logs, the use of wood dryers can mean an adequacy and homogeneity of the moisture content of the raw material, in a fast and controlled way, guaranteeing better process efficiency and charcoal quality, which helps in the consolidation of this technology, since in the market and in the literature, data on drying systems for short wood logs are scarce, mostly for drying particles and chips. Therefore, this doctoral thesis aims to provide theoretical support to assist in the development of an industrial dryer for drying wood, in the form of short logs, to be used in continuous carbonization systems. For this, a drying system for short wood logs was designed and built on an experimental scale, of the fixed bed type, to evaluate the variables of the wood and the drying process, namely: the cutting layout (40 cm long, 20 cm long and cracked); diameter class (>12 cm, 12.1 – 14, 14.1 – 16 cm and 16.1 – 18 cm); and wood residence time in the drying reactor (30, 60, 90 min) at temperatures of 300°C. The “cracked” short logs, regardless of the diameter, heated up more, both in the heartwood and sapwood regions, especially in the longer drying residence times, when compared to the other cutting layouts. The better heat transfer of this cutting layout provided a higher drying rate and moisture loss, which in turn directly impacted its drying efficiency. Regarding the occurrence of ignition during drying, the cracked logs and the 20 cm long logs, when submitted to the drying program with a residence time of 90 min, combusted in the dryer, demonstrating that, under the conditions applied in the present study, this is the working limit for such cutting layouts. Keywords: Dissertation. Water in the wood. Carbonization technology. Heat transfer. Charcoal production.
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FIGUEIRÓ, Clarissa Gusmão. Secagem artificial de toretes de madeira de eucalipto para uso em retortas contínuas de carbonização. 2022. 61 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
