Aprimoramento dos processos de dimensionamento e operação de reservatórios de regularização
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O aumento da demanda pelo uso da água impulsionada pelo crescimento da população poderá agravar os cenários de escassez hídrica, assim faz-se necessário o uso de ferramentas de planejamento e gestão de recursos hídricos que possam minimizar os possíveis conflitos pelo uso da água. Em condições em que a disponibilidade hídrica natural em um curso de água não é suficiente para atender as demandas dos usuários, a construção de reservatórios torna-se uma alternativa plausível, uma vez que estas estruturas operam a partir do armazenamento temporário do excedente nos períodos em que as vazões afluentes superam as vazões de saída do reservatório. A vazão máxima de regularização é limitada a vazão média de longo termo (Q mlt ) e o potencial de regularização está relacionado com as perdas por evaporação ocorridas na superfície da área inundada pelo reservatório. Para o dimensionamento de reservatórios considera-se que a capacidade de armazenamento deverá ser suficiente para suprir a demanda de água nos períodos secos, porém, durante o período de enchimento as reservas disponíveis podem não ser suficientes para atender as demandas projetadas. O presente trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos que abordam questões relacionadas ao dimensionamento e operação de reservatórios de regularização. No capítulo 1 foi proposto um aprimoramento do modeloDetermination of Reservoir Capacity using Synthetic Series(DRECASS)incorporando a perda de água por evaporação na superfície do lago considerando a variação diária da área inundada. A metodologia proposta a partir desse aperfeiçoamento foi denominada como DRECASS-EV e permitiu avaliar o potencial de regularização na seção de interesse para a construção do reservatório considerando as características climáticas locais, de forma que para regiões com maiores estimativas de evaporação obteve-se menor potencial de regularização. No capítulo 2 foi proposta uma metodologia para a avaliação das opções de operação de reservatórios de regularização durante o período de enchimento com base em análises que consideram o tempo de enchimento (TE) e a garantia de atendimento às demandas (G). A aplicação desta metodologia permitiu detectar as variações inerentes as condições climáticas das diversas regiões contempladas nos estudos de caso. O presente trabalho, no âmbito dos dois capítulos, apresenta ferramentas relevantes para o processo de dimensionamento de reservatórios que poderá auxiliar na compatibilização entre custos e benefícios correlatos à construção dessas estruturas, bem como para a tomada de decisões quanto a operação de reservatórios durante o período de enchimento. Palavras-chave: Regularização de vazões. Planejamento e gestão de recursos hídricos. Disponibilidade Hídrica. Evaporação de reservatórios.
The increased demand for water use driven by population growth may worsen water scarcity scenarios, so it is necessary to use water resource planning and management tools that can minimize possible conflicts over water use. In conditions where the natural water availability in a watercourse is not sufficient to meet the users demands, the construction of reservoirs becomes a plausible alternative, since these structures operate from the temporary storage of the surplus in the periods in which that the inflows exceed the outflows from the reservoir. The maximum regularization flow is limited to the long-term average discharge (Qmlt) and the regularization potential is related to the evaporation losses that occur on the surface of the flooded area by the reservoir. For the dimensioning of reservoirs, it is considered that the storage capacity should be sufficient to supply the water demand in the dry periods, however, during the filling period the available reserves may not be sufficient to meet the projected demands. This work was divided into two chapters that address issues related to the design and operation of regularization reservoirs. In chapter 1, an improvement of the Determination of Reservoir Capacity model using Synthetic Series (DRECASS) was proposed, incorporating the loss of water by evaporation on the lake surface considering the daily variation of the flooded area. The proposed methodology from this improvement was called DRECASS-EV and allowed to evaluate the regularization potential in the section of interest for the construction of the reservoir considering the local climatic characteristics, so that for regions with higher evaporation estimates, less regularization potential was obtained. In chapter 2, a methodology was proposed to evaluate the options for operating regularization reservoirs during the filling period based on analyzes that consider the filling time (TE) and the guarantee of meeting demands (G). The application of this methodology allowed to detect the variations inherent to the climatic conditions of the different regions covered in the case studies. The present work, within the scope of the two chapters, presents relevant tools for the reservoir sizing process that can assist in the compatibility between costs and benefits related to the construction of these structures, as well as for decision making for reservoirs operation during the period filling. Keywords: Regulation of Natural Inflows. Planning and Management of Water Resources. Water Availability. Reservoir Evaporation.
The increased demand for water use driven by population growth may worsen water scarcity scenarios, so it is necessary to use water resource planning and management tools that can minimize possible conflicts over water use. In conditions where the natural water availability in a watercourse is not sufficient to meet the users demands, the construction of reservoirs becomes a plausible alternative, since these structures operate from the temporary storage of the surplus in the periods in which that the inflows exceed the outflows from the reservoir. The maximum regularization flow is limited to the long-term average discharge (Qmlt) and the regularization potential is related to the evaporation losses that occur on the surface of the flooded area by the reservoir. For the dimensioning of reservoirs, it is considered that the storage capacity should be sufficient to supply the water demand in the dry periods, however, during the filling period the available reserves may not be sufficient to meet the projected demands. This work was divided into two chapters that address issues related to the design and operation of regularization reservoirs. In chapter 1, an improvement of the Determination of Reservoir Capacity model using Synthetic Series (DRECASS) was proposed, incorporating the loss of water by evaporation on the lake surface considering the daily variation of the flooded area. The proposed methodology from this improvement was called DRECASS-EV and allowed to evaluate the regularization potential in the section of interest for the construction of the reservoir considering the local climatic characteristics, so that for regions with higher evaporation estimates, less regularization potential was obtained. In chapter 2, a methodology was proposed to evaluate the options for operating regularization reservoirs during the filling period based on analyzes that consider the filling time (TE) and the guarantee of meeting demands (G). The application of this methodology allowed to detect the variations inherent to the climatic conditions of the different regions covered in the case studies. The present work, within the scope of the two chapters, presents relevant tools for the reservoir sizing process that can assist in the compatibility between costs and benefits related to the construction of these structures, as well as for decision making for reservoirs operation during the period filling. Keywords: Regulation of Natural Inflows. Planning and Management of Water Resources. Water Availability. Reservoir Evaporation.
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MONTEIRO, Luane Ines Brito. Aprimoramento dos processos de dimensionamento e operação de reservatórios de regularização. 2020. 116 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.
