Estruturas secretoras florais em Lophopterys floribunda W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis (Malpighiaceae): novas descobertas, diversidade e implicações para a taxonomia e ecologia
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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R. Anderson & C. C. Davis é uma Malpighiaceae Neotropical, endêmica do Brasil, que ocorre na Floresta Amazônica e na Floresta Atlântica. Apresenta uma única e grande glândula suas sépalas laterais, diferentemente da maioria das espécies Neotropicais em que suas sépalas são normalmente biglandulosas. No campo foram registradas visitas de insetos em outras partes da inflorescência de Z. floribunda, sugerindo a existência de outras estruturas secretoras. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi descrever a glândula sepalar de Z. floribunda e averiguar a existência de outros tipos de estruturas secretoras na inflorescência e na flor. Com base na visitação dos insetos, amostras de sépalas, pétalas, brácteas, bractéolas e do conectivo da antera foram coletadas e submetidas as técnicas usuais para observação ao microscópio de luz. Osmóforos foram observados no conectivo da antera, constituídos por células epidérmicas volumosas repletas de vesículas cujo conteúdo reagiu aos testes de detecção de compostos lipídicos, proteinas e polissacarídeos, indicando ser a estrutura responsável pelo aroma exalado pelas flores. Nas sépalas laterais foram encontrados elaióforos do tipo epitelial, com epiderme irregular formando invaginações, produzindo secreção predominantemente lipídica coletada por abelhas da tribo Centridinae. As glândulas das pétalas são coléteres do tipo padrão que apresentam atividade precoce, cuja secreção é constituída por proteínas e polissacarídeos que contribuem para a manutenção do botão floral fechado em estádios de pré-antese, protegendo a flor contra a dessecação e ataque de patógenos. Diminutos nectários foram, pela primeira vez, descritos no ápice das bractéolas e brácteas, sendo o exsudado proteico/polissacarídico consumido por formigas que mantém interação mutualística com a planta. Os resultados indicam a produção de compostos envolvidos com as inter-relações da espécie que carecem de estudos ecológicos. A diversidade de estruturas secretoras relatadas tem potencial aplicação em estudos taxonômicos e filogenéticos em Malpighiaceae
Lophopterys floribunda W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis is a Neotropical Malpighiaceae, endemic from Brazil, occurring in the both Amazon and Atlantic Forest. It presents a single and large gland in lateral sepals, different from most of the Neotropical species in Its are usually biglandular. In the field insect visits were registered in other parts of the inflorescence of Z, Joribunda, suggesting the existence of other secretory structures. Thus, the objective of this work was to describe the sepalar gland of L. floribunda and to Verify the existence of other types of secretory structures in the inflorescence and in the flower. Based on the Visitation of the insects, samples of sepals, petals, bracts, bracteoles and anther connectives were collected and submitted to the usual techniques for observation under the light microscope. Osmophores were observed in the anther connective, constituted of bulky epidermal cells filled with vesicles whose contents reacted to the tests for the detection of lipid compounds, proteins and polysaccharides, indicating that the structure is responsible for the aroma exhaled by the flowers. In the lateral sepals epithelial type elaiophores were found, with irregular epidermis forming invaginations, producing predominantly lipid secretion that is collected by bees of the tribe Centridine, The petal glands is a standard type colleters that exhibits early activity. The secretion produced consists of proteins and polysaccharides, which contributes to the maintenance of the closed floral bud in pre-anthesis stages, protecting the flower against desiccation and attack of pathogens. Tiny nectars were described here for the first time at the apex of bracteoles and bracts, the protein / polysaccharide exudate being consumed by ants that maintains a mutualistic interaction with the plant. The results indicate the production of compounds involved with the interrelations of the species that need ecological studies. The diversity of reported secretory structures has potential application in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in Malpighiaceae
Lophopterys floribunda W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis is a Neotropical Malpighiaceae, endemic from Brazil, occurring in the both Amazon and Atlantic Forest. It presents a single and large gland in lateral sepals, different from most of the Neotropical species in Its are usually biglandular. In the field insect visits were registered in other parts of the inflorescence of Z, Joribunda, suggesting the existence of other secretory structures. Thus, the objective of this work was to describe the sepalar gland of L. floribunda and to Verify the existence of other types of secretory structures in the inflorescence and in the flower. Based on the Visitation of the insects, samples of sepals, petals, bracts, bracteoles and anther connectives were collected and submitted to the usual techniques for observation under the light microscope. Osmophores were observed in the anther connective, constituted of bulky epidermal cells filled with vesicles whose contents reacted to the tests for the detection of lipid compounds, proteins and polysaccharides, indicating that the structure is responsible for the aroma exhaled by the flowers. In the lateral sepals epithelial type elaiophores were found, with irregular epidermis forming invaginations, producing predominantly lipid secretion that is collected by bees of the tribe Centridine, The petal glands is a standard type colleters that exhibits early activity. The secretion produced consists of proteins and polysaccharides, which contributes to the maintenance of the closed floral bud in pre-anthesis stages, protecting the flower against desiccation and attack of pathogens. Tiny nectars were described here for the first time at the apex of bracteoles and bracts, the protein / polysaccharide exudate being consumed by ants that maintains a mutualistic interaction with the plant. The results indicate the production of compounds involved with the interrelations of the species that need ecological studies. The diversity of reported secretory structures has potential application in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in Malpighiaceae
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SANCHES, Miller Melo. Estruturas secretoras florais em Lophopterys floribunda W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis (Malpighiaceae): novas descobertas, diversidade e implicações para a taxonomia e ecologia. 2019. 22 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Botânica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.
