Seleção de híbridos multi-espécies de eucalyptus tolerantes ao déficit hídrico, insetos e fungos
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O Brasil possui a maior produtividade florestal do mundo. Parte desse sucesso pode ser atribuído ao intenso trabalho de melhoramento genético de Eucalyptus realizado no país a partir da década de 1970. Embora apresente atualmente um grande número de materiais genéticos adaptados às diversas condições edafoclimáticas do extenso território brasileiro, eventos imprevisíveis associados a alterações climáticas – como a má distribuição das chuvas – são uma realidade para a qual o setor florestal precisa estar atento, de forma a prever e se antecipar à futuros desafios da silvicultura. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou identificar novos indivíduos e famílias híbridas com potencial de sobrevivência e crescimento mesmo em condições de déficit hídrico, e que também associam características de tolerância ao ataque de pragas e doenças. Para o caráter produtividade (IMA), foram observadas herdabilidades baixas a moderadas nos três sites avaliados. O site em Buritizeiro-MG se mostrou o local mais adequado para se praticar a seleção precoce aos 6 meses de idade para o caráter IMA, permitindo maiores ganhos de seleção e maior variabilidade genética entre os genótipos. Os cruzamentos entre (E. urophylla HE) x (E. camaldulensis) se destacaram na avaliação de potenciais progênies, potenciais genitores e potenciais clones tolerantes ao déficit hídrico para o caráter IMA. Cruzamentos envolvendo E. camaldulensis, E. brassiana e E. pellita estiveram entre as primeiras posições dos rankings, confirmando o potencial de introdução destas espécies em programas de melhoramento visando tolerância à seca. Foi desenvolvida e apresentada neste trabalho uma proposta inovadora de unir a seleção por crescimento em volume (tolerância seca) e tolerância genética a pragas e doenças. Os índices gerados se mostraram adequados, podendo apresentar aplicação prática em programas de melhoramento florestal. Palavras-chave: Eucalyptus. Déficit hídrico. Hibridação. Tolerância à seca. Tolerância a pragas.
Brazil has the highest forest productivity in the world. Part of this success can be attributed to the intense work on genetic improvements of Eucalyptus carried out in the country since the 1970s. Although it currently presents a large number of genetic materials adapted to the diverse edaphoclimatic conditions of the vast Brazilian territory, unpredictable events associated with climate change - as the bad distribution of the rainfall - are a reality for which the forestry sector needs to be attentive, in order to foresee and anticipate the future challenges of silviculture. In this context, the present work aimed to identify new hybrid individuals and families with potential for survival and growth even in conditions of water scarcity, which also show characteristics of tolerance to attacks by pests and diseases. For the productivity character (IMA), low to moderate heritabilities were observed in the three evaluated sites. The site in Buritizeiro-MG proved to be the most suitable place to practice early selection at 6 months of age for the IMA character, allowing for greater selection gains and greater genetic variability between genotypes. The crossings between (E. urophylla HE) x (E. camaldulensis) stood out in the evaluation of potential progenies, potential parents and potential clones tolerant to water deficit for the IMA character. Crossings involving E. camaldulensis, E. brassiana and E. pellita were among the first positions in the rankings, confirming the potential of introducing these species into breeding programs aimed at drought tolerance. An innovative proposal was developed and presented in this work to unite selection by growth in volume (drought tolerance) and genetic tolerance to pests and diseases. The generated indices proved to be adequate, and may have practical application in forest improvement programs. Keywords: Eucalyptus. Water deficit. Hybridization. Drought tolerance. Pest tolerance.
Brazil has the highest forest productivity in the world. Part of this success can be attributed to the intense work on genetic improvements of Eucalyptus carried out in the country since the 1970s. Although it currently presents a large number of genetic materials adapted to the diverse edaphoclimatic conditions of the vast Brazilian territory, unpredictable events associated with climate change - as the bad distribution of the rainfall - are a reality for which the forestry sector needs to be attentive, in order to foresee and anticipate the future challenges of silviculture. In this context, the present work aimed to identify new hybrid individuals and families with potential for survival and growth even in conditions of water scarcity, which also show characteristics of tolerance to attacks by pests and diseases. For the productivity character (IMA), low to moderate heritabilities were observed in the three evaluated sites. The site in Buritizeiro-MG proved to be the most suitable place to practice early selection at 6 months of age for the IMA character, allowing for greater selection gains and greater genetic variability between genotypes. The crossings between (E. urophylla HE) x (E. camaldulensis) stood out in the evaluation of potential progenies, potential parents and potential clones tolerant to water deficit for the IMA character. Crossings involving E. camaldulensis, E. brassiana and E. pellita were among the first positions in the rankings, confirming the potential of introducing these species into breeding programs aimed at drought tolerance. An innovative proposal was developed and presented in this work to unite selection by growth in volume (drought tolerance) and genetic tolerance to pests and diseases. The generated indices proved to be adequate, and may have practical application in forest improvement programs. Keywords: Eucalyptus. Water deficit. Hybridization. Drought tolerance. Pest tolerance.
Description
Citation
SILVA, Gustavo Laporinê Baêsso e. Seleção de híbridos multi-espécies de eucalyptus tolerantes ao déficit hídrico, insetos e fungos. 2020. 117 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.
