Tempo de recorrência e espera para rotações do círculo
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Este trabalho aborda recorrência em sistemas dinâmicos (motivada pelo Teorema da Re- corrência de Poincaré) com foco nas rotações irracionais do círculo. Tratamos o círculo como R/Z = {x + Z : x ∈ R} e assim também fazemos um estudo das estruturas to- pológica, métrica e de medida em R/Z. Em particular, damos uma definição do que entendemos pela medida de Lebesgue sobre o círculo e definimos uma métrica d Z compa- tível com a topologia quociente de R/Z. O principal resultado apresentado neste trabalho diz que dado α ∈ R \ Q, pondo f : R/Z → R/Z dada por f (x + Z) = (x + α) + Z (i.e. rotação do círculo por um ângulo α), para todo ponto x do círculo e para µ 1 -quase todo ponto y do círculo (sendo µ 1 a medida de Lebesgue sobre círculo), tem-se β 1 = R(x) ≤ R(x) = 1 = R(x, y) ≤ R(x, y) = β, sendo β = sup t > 0 : lim inf j d(jα, Z) = 0 , t j→∞ R(x, y) = lim inf + r→0 log(τ r (x,y)) , − log(r) R(x, y) = lim sup r→0 + log(τ r (x,y)) , − log(r) τ r (x, y) = inf{n ∈ Z : n ≥ 1, d Z (f n (x), y) < r}, R(x) = R(x, x) e R(x) = R(x, x). É um fato conhecido que para quase todo número real α (de acordo com a medida de Lebesgue sobre R), tem-se β = 1, o que enfatiza a relevância deste resultado. Também estudamos resultados mais gerais sobre a relação entre recorrência e dimensão pontual de uma medida, a saber, uma desi- gualdade apresentada por Barreira e Saussol e uma outra desigualdade apresentada por Galatolo. Palavras-chave: Círculo. Rotação Irracional. Recorrência.
In this work, we study recurrence in dynamical systems (motivated by the Poincaré Re- currence Theorem) with a focus on irrational circle rotations. The circle is treated as the quotient R/Z = {x + Z : x ∈ R} and thus we explore some of its topological, metric, and measure-theoretical structure. In particular, we give a definition of what is understood by the Lebesgue measure in the circle and we also define a metric d Z compatible with the quotient topology of R/Z. The main result of this work states that given α ∈ R \ Q, if we put f : R/Z → R/Z given by f (x + Z) = (x + α) + Z (i.e. circle rotation of angle α), then for all x ∈ R/Z, and for µ 1 -almost every y ∈ R/Z (µ 1 denotes the Lebes- gue measure in the circle), we have: β 1 = R(x) ≤ R(x) = 1 = R(x, y) ≤ R(x, y) = β, where β = sup t > 0 : lim inf j d(jα, Z) = 0 , R(x, y) = lim inf + t j→∞ r→0 log(τ x (x,y)) , − log(r) R(x, y) = x (x,y)) lim sup log(τ , τ r (x, y) = inf{n ∈ Z : n ≥ 1, d Z (f n (x), y) < r}, R(x) = R(x, x), and − log(r) r→0 + R(x) = R(x, x). It is a known fact that for almost every real number α (with respect to the Lebesgue measure in R), the β above is 1, which emphasizes the above result’s relevance. Throughout this dissertation, we also study more general results about recur- rence reates, relating them to pointwise dimension of a measure, namely, an inequality presented by Barreira and Saussol and another inequality presented by Galatolo. Keywords: Circle. Irrational Rotation. Recurrence.
In this work, we study recurrence in dynamical systems (motivated by the Poincaré Re- currence Theorem) with a focus on irrational circle rotations. The circle is treated as the quotient R/Z = {x + Z : x ∈ R} and thus we explore some of its topological, metric, and measure-theoretical structure. In particular, we give a definition of what is understood by the Lebesgue measure in the circle and we also define a metric d Z compatible with the quotient topology of R/Z. The main result of this work states that given α ∈ R \ Q, if we put f : R/Z → R/Z given by f (x + Z) = (x + α) + Z (i.e. circle rotation of angle α), then for all x ∈ R/Z, and for µ 1 -almost every y ∈ R/Z (µ 1 denotes the Lebes- gue measure in the circle), we have: β 1 = R(x) ≤ R(x) = 1 = R(x, y) ≤ R(x, y) = β, where β = sup t > 0 : lim inf j d(jα, Z) = 0 , R(x, y) = lim inf + t j→∞ r→0 log(τ x (x,y)) , − log(r) R(x, y) = x (x,y)) lim sup log(τ , τ r (x, y) = inf{n ∈ Z : n ≥ 1, d Z (f n (x), y) < r}, R(x) = R(x, x), and − log(r) r→0 + R(x) = R(x, x). It is a known fact that for almost every real number α (with respect to the Lebesgue measure in R), the β above is 1, which emphasizes the above result’s relevance. Throughout this dissertation, we also study more general results about recur- rence reates, relating them to pointwise dimension of a measure, namely, an inequality presented by Barreira and Saussol and another inequality presented by Galatolo. Keywords: Circle. Irrational Rotation. Recurrence.
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OLIVEIRA, Pedro Henrique Antunes. Tempo de recorrência e espera para rotações do círculo . 2020. 85 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.
