Respostas morfofisiológicas e moleculares em soja após exposição a reguladores de crescimento
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A soja tem uma posição importante na agricultura mundial, sendo o Brasil o segundo maior produtor deste grão no mundo. Na cultura, o acamamento consiste em uma característica agronômica negativa que afeta o seu desenvolvimento, reduzindo a produtividade devido à baixa interceptação de luz e o deslocamento permanente do caule. Visando alterar a morfologia da planta, minimizando os efeitos do acamamento, reguladores de crescimento vem sendo utilizados na agricultura para modular o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de acordo com as condições desejadas. O paclobutrazol (PAC) consiste em um destes reguladores que atua na inibição da biossíntese de giberelinas (GAs) modificando o alongamento da parte aérea, desenvolvimento da raiz e divisão celular. No entanto, alterações morfofisiológicas e moleculares provocadas pela regulação dos níveis de GAs na redução à incidência de acamamento permanecem desconhecidas em muitas culturas. Um exemplo são as alterações causadas na parede vegetal, durante o desenvolvimento da planta, em que celulose e lignina são os componentes que apresentam maiores variações. Desta forma, este trabalhou objetivou através do cultivo ex vitro e in vitro entender como a regulação dos níveis de GAs na soja por PAC, poderiam atenuar os efeitos do acamamento. A utilização do PAC nos cultivos ex vitro e in vitro reduziu a arquitetura da parte aérea da soja através de modificações na partição de biomassa, comprimento do caule e maior conteúdo de celulose na parede celular. No cultivo ex vitro, a redução dos níveis de GAs induziu plantas com anatomia foliar, caulinar e da raiz desenvolvidas por alteração na espessura de tecidos que favoreceu a realização de trocas gasosas, transporte de elétrons e modificação na utilização e produção de metabólitos primários. A aplicação de GA 3 induziu o acúmulo de biomassa e maior alongamento do caule em ambos os cultivos. Porém, maiores níveis GAs na soja cultivada in vitro resultou em modificações na massa seca e anatomia da raiz distintas do cultivo ex vitro. Neste trabalho, a aplicação de PAC como regulador induziu características fenotípicas de interesse como a redução do comprimento do caule, incrementos na taxa fotossintética com alterações no metabolismo de açúcares e maior conteúdo de celulose na parede celular. No entanto, a aplicação de GA 3 promoveu o aumento no conteúdo de lignina na parede celular, podendo contribuir com maior rigidez e resistência física nos tecidos condutores e de sustentação. Sendo novos estudos necessários para confirmar a eficiência na utilização de PAC para redução do acamamento na soja.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) has an important position in agriculture worldwide. Brazil is the second biggest soybean’s producer in the world. In soybean’s growth lodging is considered a negative agronomic trait, which affects crop development reducing grain yield due to low light interception and permanent stem displacement. Growth regulators have been used in agriculture for a long time to modulate plant growth and development according to desired conditions. Placlobutrazol (PAC) is a growth retardant acting as inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis, which are plant hormones responsible for shoot elongation, root development and cell division. On the other hand, changes responsible for decreasing lodging by GAs biosynthesis inhibition remains unclear in many crops. An example it is the plant cell wall, which is composed according to the growth type during the plant development, which cellulose and lignin are the main altered. In this way, this work researched through ex vitro and in vitro experiments the question of how PAC might regulates GA’s levels in soybean to attenuate lodging effects. The use of PAC as growth regulator changed soybean’s shoot architecture through biomass partition, reduced stem height; higher cellulose content in the cell wall, where these traits might benefit lodging resistance in soybean. In addition to lower stem length, during soybean ex vitro growth reduced endogenous GA’s levels induced leaf, stem and root anatomical changes, which favored photosynthetic efficiency and primary metabolism. Higher biomass and stem length were observed in the ex vitro and in vitro soybean’s growth with GA 3 treatment. However, dry biomass and root anatomy were modified with increased GA’s levels at in vitro and ex vitro soybean’s growth, differently. In this study, PAC treatment induced phenotypic characteristics of interest such as lower stem length, higher photosynthetic rates with primary metabolism regulation, also well as higher cellulose content in soybean’s cell wall. On the other hand, exogenous GA 3 induced higher lignin content in the soybean’s cell wall that might contributed with higher strength and physical resistance at conduction and support tissues. It is worth highlight that new studies are required to confirm PAC uses to reduce soybean lodging. In addition, understand if PAC applying for lodging resistance might decreases grain filling and yield.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) has an important position in agriculture worldwide. Brazil is the second biggest soybean’s producer in the world. In soybean’s growth lodging is considered a negative agronomic trait, which affects crop development reducing grain yield due to low light interception and permanent stem displacement. Growth regulators have been used in agriculture for a long time to modulate plant growth and development according to desired conditions. Placlobutrazol (PAC) is a growth retardant acting as inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis, which are plant hormones responsible for shoot elongation, root development and cell division. On the other hand, changes responsible for decreasing lodging by GAs biosynthesis inhibition remains unclear in many crops. An example it is the plant cell wall, which is composed according to the growth type during the plant development, which cellulose and lignin are the main altered. In this way, this work researched through ex vitro and in vitro experiments the question of how PAC might regulates GA’s levels in soybean to attenuate lodging effects. The use of PAC as growth regulator changed soybean’s shoot architecture through biomass partition, reduced stem height; higher cellulose content in the cell wall, where these traits might benefit lodging resistance in soybean. In addition to lower stem length, during soybean ex vitro growth reduced endogenous GA’s levels induced leaf, stem and root anatomical changes, which favored photosynthetic efficiency and primary metabolism. Higher biomass and stem length were observed in the ex vitro and in vitro soybean’s growth with GA 3 treatment. However, dry biomass and root anatomy were modified with increased GA’s levels at in vitro and ex vitro soybean’s growth, differently. In this study, PAC treatment induced phenotypic characteristics of interest such as lower stem length, higher photosynthetic rates with primary metabolism regulation, also well as higher cellulose content in soybean’s cell wall. On the other hand, exogenous GA 3 induced higher lignin content in the soybean’s cell wall that might contributed with higher strength and physical resistance at conduction and support tissues. It is worth highlight that new studies are required to confirm PAC uses to reduce soybean lodging. In addition, understand if PAC applying for lodging resistance might decreases grain filling and yield.
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SOUSA, Raysa Mayara de Jesus. Respostas morfofisiológicas e moleculares em soja após exposição a reguladores de crescimento. 2019. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.
